An Examination of the Role of Diplomacy in Ghana’s Bid to Host the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) Secretariat

Abstract

While the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) agenda has attracted much research attention, the role of diplomacy in selecting Ghana to host the Secretariat after beating six other countries is empirically unknown. This research assessed the role of diplomacy in Ghana’s bid to host the AfCFTA Secretariat. To achieve this, it employed the neo-functionalism theory of regional integration and used thematic data analysis to analyse in-depth interview data collected from six key informants to achieve the purpose of the study. The study found that the AfCFTA can broadly enhance economic growth and development in the continent by creating a single African market for inter and intra-regional trade, and creating employment opportunities, given that trade among African countries is currently low. Second, Ghana’s decision to participate in the bid was motivated by the expected diplomatic and socio-economic gains of serving as the Secretariat’s host. Third, Ghana’s success in the bid was significantly influenced by diplomacy. The country adopted a three-prong diplomatic strategy comprising submitting a formal bid, lobbying and campaigning, and providing options for structures to host the Secretariat. Fourth, despite its success, the country’s efforts faced several obstacles, including financial and logistical challenges, language barriers, threats to its diplomatic image, and inadequate training for members of the ad hoc Missions sent out. Consequently, the study recommends that countries create and carefully nurture diplomatic alliances for future diplomatic projects. Secondly, they must adequately articulate the reasons for bidding for any international project. Thirdly, they should set aside funds for such future endeavours, offer adequate diplomatic training for ad hoc diplomats, and employ the services of experienced translators where language differences exist. Also, countries should endeavour to deliver on promises that get them endorsed by their peers, as failure to deliver can dent their diplomatic image.