Assessing Livelihood Outcomes and Implications of the Oil and Gas Industry in the Ellembelle District, Western Region of Ghana

Abstract

This research assessed the impact of the Oil and Gas industry on livelihood outcomes of people in the Ellembelle District in the western end of Ghana. Specifically, it assessed the current livelihood outcome such as food security, job security, health and determined respondent’s perception on the impact of oil and gas industry and its activities on their livelihood outcomes. Data was collected from 400 respondents within 10 communities in the study district using survey questionnaires and interview guides from focussed group discussions and key informants within the Baku, Ngalekpole, Atuabo, Ngalekyi, Krisan, Anokyi, Sanzule, Bakanta, Eikwe, and Asem Nda communities. The data generated was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented by use of descriptive statistics such as tables, charts, graphs, and diagrams. Interviews were transcribed and analysed into thematic areas. The study revealed that 53% of the participants perceived the oil and gas industry to have generally impacted the locals in the communities positively.The study further revealed that the intention to migrate was a significant predictor of livelihood outcome as the respondents migrated in search of greener pastures. The study observed a significant relationship between the impact of the oil and gas industry activities on respondents, their intention to migrate, their level of education, occupation and their livelihood outcomes. For instance,respondents with a negative livelihood outcome are more likely to have reported a negative impact from the oil and gas industry. The study recommends that the 1994 EPA Act (Act 490) be amended in order to effectively monitor and regulate heavy-polluting oil industries.