Assessing the Level, Impact, and Barriers of Mechanization in Small-Scale Rice Production

Abstract

This study assesses how well small-scale rice production in Asutsuare, Ghana is mechanized, with a focus on mechanization levels, its impact on yield outcomes, and adoption barriers. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, the study draws on survey data from 202 small-scale rice farmers. Mechanization levels were determined using descriptive statistics, while regression analysis was applied to evaluate their impact on yield. The research found that 89.1% of farmers operate at a medium mechanization level, primarily mechanizing field preparation [comprising ploughing, harrowing, and bund dressing (ridging)], irrigation, and harvesting while relying on manual labour for early-stage operations like transplanting. Power tillers and combine harvesters were the most widely used machines. Key constraints including high machinery costs, limited access to credit, insufficient training, and fragmented landholdings continue to hinder broader adoption of mechanization across the entire production cycle. The study highlights the need for policy interventions including re-establishing and strengthening Agricultural Mechanization Service Centers (AMSECs), promoting cooperative machinery ownership models, and providing targeted training programs. By addressing these barriers, Ghana can unlock the full potential of mechanization to boost rice productivity, enhance food security, and reduce dependence on imports.