Effect of peanut oil consumption on energy balance

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effects of peanut, olive, and safflower oil consumption on appetite, dietary compensation and body weight. Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine (63 male, 66 female) adults (25.05 ± 5.58 years) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.09 ± 2.58 were recruited from three countries: Brazil, Ghana and the United States. Participants were randomized into a control group and 3 intervention groups; peanut oil, olive oil, and safflower oil. Those in the intervention groups consumed daily milkshakes containing the group's assigned oil for 8 weeks along with their normal diet. No dietary advice was provided. Resting metabolic rate (resting energy expenditure [REE]) and the thermogenic effect of feeding (TEF) were measured by indirect calorimetry. During weeks 0, 4, and 8 body weight, body composition, and appetite were measured, activity logs were kept, and blood samples were collected. Results: The total energy intake of participants in the active treatment groups increased significantly during the intervention weeks compared with baseline. The percentage of energy derived from fat also increased significantly, while that from carbohydrate decreased. No significant changes were observed in REE, TEF, or activity over the intervention. Body weight increased significantly by week 8 in all 3 intervention groups. Conclusion: The inclusion of oils rich in poly- or monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet did not elicit precise macronutrient or energy compensation.