Serological evidence of Zika virus infection in febrile patients at Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra Ghana

Abstract

Objective: Increase in the evidence of global occurrence of Zika viral infection suggests that in Africa the circulation of the virus which causes 80% of asymptomatic infection could be undetected and/or overlooked. We sought to serologically detect Zika virus infection in febrile patients at Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana. Results: Of the 160 patient serum samples analyzed, 33 were found to have antibodies against Zika virus infection. Among the sero-positives 30 (91%) of the cases were anti-Zika virus IgM with the 21–30-year age group recording the highest number of 8 (26%) and 2 (7%) cases being the least for the 61 years and above age group. All sero-positive febrile patients developed at least one symptom consistent with Zika virus infection: 33 (100%) fever, 25 (76%) muscle pain, 24 (73%) joint pain, and conjunctivitis 2 (6%). Digestive symptoms recorded include 16 (49%) nausea, 12 (36%) vomiting and diarrhea 18 (55%). In addition, 28 (85%) loss of appetite, 14 (75%) rapid respiration and chest pain 15 (42%) were reported by seropositive febrile patients. Our data indicates exposure to Zika virus which suggests the possible circulation of the virus among febrile patients in Ghana with a sero-prevalence rate of 20.6%.