Assessing Knowledge and Handwashing Practices Among Primary School Children in Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana.

Abstract

This study assessed knowledge and handwashing practices among primary school children in selected private schools in Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the study involved 135 students in the quantitative component of the study and 25 participants in the qualitative component (15 students and 10 teachers) from five private schools, employing both closed-ended questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data was analysed to assess the factors associated with handwashing practices, while the qualitative data provided insights into norms surrounding handwashing practices, as well as facilitators and barriers to handwashing practices. The findings revealed that knowledge about handwashing was high among school children (moderate or high). Generally, there was no evidence of gender disparities in terms of knowledge, attitude, proper handwashing practices. The study found that class, knowledge, attitudes, available of hand cleaning or drying materials and soap at handwashing point were the most important predictors of handwashing practices among children. The study identified a number of facilitators that influence handwashing practices including availability and proximity of basic handwashing infrastructure, social support and influence including support from teachers and parents. Further, peer influence and social norms, availability of soap and sanitizers were critical facilitators to handwashing. On the contrary, inconsistent availability of soap, water, and hand cleaning or drying materials at handwashing points, misconceptions or negative attitudes toward handwashing, limited time between class sessions or other school activities, and students sometimes forgetting or deprioritising the practice created practical barriers to regular handwashing (especially during peak times). These results highlight the need for tailored interventions to promote appropriate handwashing habits among children in school settings