Self‑Medication Practice in Akuse, a Rural Setting in Ghana

Abstract

Objective: In most resource‑poor settings, there is a paucity of data on self‑medication and possible factors that influence this practice. The current study assesses self‑medication among the people of Akuse, a rural setting in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: A quantitative cross‑sectional study was carried out in Akuse from 4th January 2016 to 27th February 2016. Using a questionnaire, interviews were conducted to assess self‑medication: class of drugs taken, sources of drugs, knowledge of potential adverse effects, among others. Results: Of the 363 participants enrolled, 361 completed questionnaires administered. Of the 361 respondents, 58.4% were female. A majority of the respondents were within the ages of 30 and 45 years. Respondents were mainly farmers (40.2%), and a majority (44.6%) had primary level as the highest education. One major reason for self‑medication was influence from family and friends (32.7%). Antibiotics (32.1%) and analgesics (21.0%) were the most common self‑medicated drugs, and these drugs were mostly obtained from licenced chemical sellers (32.5%). A little more than a third (39.9%) of the respondents said that their condition did not change after self‑medication. A greater number of the respondents (81.7%) did not have knowledge of potential adverse reactions associated with self‑medicated drugs. However, respondents with high educational level had the most knowledge of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: The study found self‑medication as a common practice among a number of residents of Akuse. Findings from this study provide data that could be used for targeted education and sensitisation of self‑medication and its demerits in similar resource‑poor rural settings.