Misinformation-Driven Barriers to Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Usage in The Ashaiman Municipal, Greater Accra Region

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Ghana, particularly in the Ashaiman Municipality, where transmission rates remain high despite nationwide interventions. Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) are widely recognized as an effective malaria prevention strategy; however, their usage is often hindered by misinformation. This study examines the role of misinformation in ITN adoption and explores how false perceptions influence community behavior regarding malaria prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted, surveying 272 residents of Ashaiman Municipality using structured questionnaires. The study assessed respondents’ knowledge of malaria transmission, perceptions of ITNs, misinformation-related barriers, and the effectiveness of public health campaigns in promoting ITN use. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to identify trends and relationships between misinformation and ITN usage. Results: Findings revealed that while community members generally had substantial knowledge of malaria transmission and ITN benefits, misinformation significantly impacted ITN acceptance and usage. Participants reported that the use of ITNs was associated with heat discomfort, skin irritation, sleep disturbances, and interference with sexual activity among couples. Additionally, a perceived low risk of malaria within the community further contributed to reluctance in ITN usage. Healthcare providers were identified as the most trusted source of accurate information, while educational campaigns were perceived as only moderately effective in dispelling misinformation. Conclusion: Misinformation remains a key barrier to ITN usage in Ashaiman Municipality, limiting its effectiveness as a malaria prevention tool. Addressing these misconceptions through targeted risk communication, leveraging healthcare providers, and enhancing community engagement strategies is crucial for increasing ITN adoption and reducing malaria transmission in the region.