Defying "the pervasive bias" against African smallholders: Identifying entry points for institutional change [Défier le « biais omniprésent » à l'encontre des petits cultivateurs africains: Identifier les points d'entrée pour les changements institutionnels]

African smallholders face few opportunities that can be captured through new technologies alone. Analysis of the institutional context in which they work opens new pathways for innovation. This article synthesises nine studies that attempted such analysis. Using mixed appraisal methods, the studies identify institutional conditions that explain the, often unsatisfactory, outcomes of smallholders, as well as entry points for changing them. Instead of at the farm or community levels, Participatory Innovation System Analysis seeks at higher levels to identify actors, networks and mechanisms that maintain or can change the "pervasive bias against the small farm sector" in SSA. © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

Keywords

Environment (built and natural) - Agriculture, Methods, Sub-Saharan Africa, Innovation systems, Institutional innovation, Scoping studies, Smallholder opportunity, Value chains