Reducing Pediatric HIV Infection: Estimating Mother-to-Child Transmission Rates in a Program Setting in Zambia

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dc.contributor.authorTorpey, K.
dc.contributor.authorKasonde, P.
dc.contributor.authorKabaso, M.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-15T14:59:55Z
dc.date.available2023-09-15T14:59:55Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Vertical transmission of HIV remains the main source of pediatric HIV infection in Africa with transmission rates as high as 25%–45% without intervention. Even though effective interventions to reduce vertical transmission of HIVare now available and remarkable progress has been made in scaling up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, the effectiveness of PMTCT interventions is unknown in Zambia. In this study, we estimate HIV vertical transmission rates at different age bands among perinatally exposed children. Methods: The study analyzed program data of DNA polymerase chain reaction results and selected client information on dried blood spot samples from perinatally exposed children aged 0–12 months sent to the polymerase chain reaction laboratory from 5 provinces between September 2007 and January 2009. Results: Samples of 8237 babies between 0 and 12 months were analyzed, with 84% of the mothers having ever breastfed their children. The observed transmission rate was 6.5% (5.1%, 7.8%) among infants aged 0–6 weeks when both mother and infant received interventions compared with 20.9% (12.3%, 29.5%) where no intervention was given to either mother or baby. Observed HIV transmission with single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) was 8.5% (5.9%, 11.0%) among infants aged 0–6 weeks, whereas zidovudine with sdNVP (zidovudine + NVP) and highly active antiretroviral therapy were associated with observed transmission rates of 6.8% (4.5%, 9.1%) and 5.0% (3.0%, 7.0%), respectively; whereas these estimates were not significantly different from one another, they were all significantly lower than no intervention for which the estimated rate was 20.9%. Regardless of the intervention, the observed transmission rates were higher among infants aged 6–12 months. Conclusions: PMTCT interventions, including sdNVP, are working in program settings. However, postnatal transmission especially after 6 months through suboptimal feeding practises remains an important challenge to further reduce pediatric HIVen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080/handle/123456789/40019
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirologyen_US
dc.subjecteffectivenessen_US
dc.subjectPMTCTen_US
dc.subjectPCRen_US
dc.subjecttransmission rateen_US
dc.titleReducing Pediatric HIV Infection: Estimating Mother-to-Child Transmission Rates in a Program Setting in Zambiaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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