Burden of Care: Psychosocial Experiences of Caregivers of Older Adults Living with Chronic Diseases

Abstract

The population of older adults in Ghana is expected to grow in the coming years. With ageing comes its troubles and the need for caregivers to take care of the older adult population, especially those who may be burdened with chronic diseases. Caregiving for older adults tends to be strenuous and may lead to caregivers experiencing the burden of care, coupled with some psychosocial experiences that may negatively affect their well-being. This study used a concurrent mixed methods design to explore the psychosocial experiences and caregiver burden, the coping mechanisms and the needs of caregivers of older adults living with chronic diseases. Participants were recruited from two hospitals: the Ga East Hospital and Ghana Atomic Energy Hospital (GAEC) in the Ga East Municipality in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. For the quantitative study, a total of 100 caregivers of older adults living with chronic diseases were purposively sampled and recruited for the study, and questionnaires were self-administered. For the qualitative study, 10 participants were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The quantitative data were analysed using Pearson r, hierarchical regression mediation analysis, while the transcribed qualitative data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis. The qualitative findings revealed that caregivers face negative social, emotional, and financial consequences, but self-care practices and social support offer relief. Caregivers also indicated the need for social support, support groups, and training avenues to care for their older relatives. The quantitative results showed that caregiver burden had a detrimental effect on their well-being, but depression was found to be the strongest predictor of poor mental health. The findings of the study highlight the need for the development of interventions and national policies that specifically address caregiver welfare.