Latrines and Household Well Water Quality in Wa
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Date
2013-06
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University of Ghana
Abstract
In many developing countries of the world, the utilization of ground water is very common
due to factors such as water scarcity and its relative good quality. On the other hand, basic
sanitation is a challenge in many developing countries with most rural and peri-urban
communities relying on on-site sanitation systems which are often poorly managed. This
study, conducted in Wa the Upper West region of Ghana, aimed at assessing the influence
of on-site sanitation systems on hand dug well water quality. Samples were randomly
collected from thirty wells and tested using standard methods for physico-chemical and
microbiological indicators of water quality. Questionnaires were administered to assess the
general knowledge and perception of respondents on the quality of the water they used for
domestic purposes. Also, observation was made on the general conditions of wells from
which samples were collected and available sanitation structures. It was found from the
study that, all the parameters assessed were within the WHO recommended limits except
bacteria (of faecal origin) and turbidity.
Significant variations in conductivity, total
dissolved solids, temperature and turbidity were observed between the dry and the rainy
seasons. All the water samples were found to be positive for bacteria. The study also
revealed majority that of respondents were content with their well water quality.
Educational campaigns need to be undertaken to create awareness about the quality of well
waters, human activities that adversely impact on the quality of well waters. Wells should
be located at a minimum distance of 50 meters from a pit latrine in order to reduce
contamination. The government through the Municipal Assembly should make available
disinfectants to enable residents disinfect their waters.
Description
Thesis (MPHIL)-University of Ghana, 2013