Climate-Induced Displacement and It Simplications on Human Security: A Case Study of Ghana

Abstract

Climate change through extreme weather events such as flooding, drought, and sea-level rise, increasingly drove displacement globally. In Ghana, such displacement presented severe challenges to economic stability, health, and social cohesion within affected communities. This study aimed to explore the drivers, socio-economic impacts, and policy responses to climate induced displacement in Ghana, with a focus on its implications for human security. A mixed methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative surveys of displaced households and qualitative interviews with government officials, community leaders, and NGO representatives. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive and Chi-square analysis using SPSS version 27, while qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings indicated that flooding, drought, and coastal erosion were the primary drivers of displacement in Ghana. Displacement led to substantial socio-economic challenges, including loss of income, unstable housing, and limited access to healthcare, education, and sanitation. Coping strategies were mostly informal, with many individuals migrating to urban centres or relying on community networks, which offered only temporary relief. Policy responses were viewed as fragmented and insufficient, with limited awareness of support programs and perceived inadequacy in providing long-term recovery assistance. Climate-induced displacement in Ghana adversely affected human security, highlighting a critical need for integrated policy frameworks addressing both immediate and long-term needs. Enhanced coordination between government and NGOs, alongside sustained financial support, was deemed essential to effectively support displaced populations and build resilience against future climate threats. The study underscored the necessity for structured policy interventions, community-based adaptation measures, and improved public awareness to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity among displaced communities in Ghana.