Tobacco consumption and non-communicable diseases in Ghana; Identifying accentuating factors and further evidence from 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey
Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Scientific African
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, strokes, cancers
and chronic kidney conditions have caused disabilities and negatively impacted on eco nomic development. While greater efforts of controlling these non-communicable diseases
are clinically motivated, the non-clinical factors such as behavioural lifestyle and the as sociated accentuating factors have not been given due attention. It has been established
elsewhere that, tobacco use which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases occur rence is influenced by individual’s residential status, educational status, occupational sta tus, income level and access to media projections. This study therefore sought to identify
associations between accentuating factors and tobacco use and its implications for the oc currence of non-communicable diseases prevalent in Ghana.
Methods: This was a mixed method study involving in part, use of secondary data from
the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014 with a sample of 4,122 respondents and
primary qualitative interviews of 32 respondents respectively, from 4 Regions of Ghana.
Descriptive statistics, probit regression and content thematic analysis were used for data
analysis for both the quantitative and qualitative arms respectively.
Results: The study found that, there was statistically significant association between ed ucational status and tobacco use [X2 (5, 4,123)=164.5619; p = 0.000], income levels and
tobacco use [X2 (7, 4,123)=68.5615; p = 0.001), occupational status and tobacco use [X2
(8, 4,123)=195.6919; p = 0.000], residential status and tobacco [X2 (3, 4,134) = 82.7824;
p = 0.000)] and finally, access to mass media and tobacco use [X2 (2, 4,134)= 1.2352,
p = 0.009]. Again, the regression result shows that, the accentuating factors determine
about 51% (50.579) of the tobacco use by individuals in the relation [R2 = 0.305, F(17,
4,077) = 50.579, p = 0.000]. Moreover, 62.4 percent of females were less likely to smoke than males. Within the educational levels, secondary school completion category influence
smoking by 82.8 percent. Also, assessing the relations between wealth quintiles and smok ing, the study found that, the middle class income earners category influence smoking by
53.4 percent. Lastly, in the residential status, living in rural area contributed 41 percent to
tobacco use. The implication is that, urban dwellers are more likely to use tobacco than
rural dwellers.
Conclusion: The study concludes that, educational status, residential status, occupational
status, wealth quintiles and access to media accentuates tobacco use within a population
with implications for the occurrence and control of non-communicable diseases. The study
calls for a strengthening of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Ghana.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Accentuating factors, Tobacco use, Non-communicable diseases, Ghana demograhic and health survey