Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors Among Out Patients in Kumasi Metropolis

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing concern worldwide because it has a significant association with the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type 2 disease. MetS has also been linked to high mortality among patients with cardiovascular diseases than among those who do not have cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in the Kumasi Metropolis. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design which involved outpatients 35-69years of age was used. A sample size of 226 and a stratified and purposive sampling method were used to select five health facilities and respondents for the study. Consent was sought from all respondents. Data on clinical, lifestyle and dietary behaviour were collected from respondents. MetS was defined with the NCEP-ATP III Criterion. T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression test were applied in the data analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 23.45 %( 53) with 13.59% males and 31.71% females. Females had 2.95 times high odds of being diagnosed MetS compared to males (P= 0.005). Gender (P=0.001), age (P= 0.043) and marital status (P, 0.042) were significantly associated with MetS. Hypertension, Dysglycaemia and Obesity were significantly associated with MetS among the study group with 24.35, 12.29 and 15.001 times high odds respectively among those who have these conditions than those without (P= 0.0001). The study again found that diet and lifestyle were not associated with MetS. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among out-patients aged 35 to 69 years in the Kumasi Metropolis. Gender, marital status, hypertension, dysglycaemia and obesity were significantly associated with MetS.