Online Learning in the New Normal: University Students’ perceptions, experiences and challenges in the post COVID-19 Era

Abstract

The educational sector emerged as one of the most profoundly disrupted domains during the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher education institutions particularly impacted. In Ghana, pre-pandemic education was predominantly characterised by in-person instruction, where teacher-led engagement formed the foundation of classroom learning. Despite commendable efforts by the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) and various tertiary institutions to pivot toward online learning, the transition revealed significant systemic and infrastructural challenges that continue to hinder the effective implementation of digital education. This study sought to examine university students’ perceptions and experiences of online learning during the pandemic period. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from a purposive sample of 346 university students. Findings indicated that students encountered numerous challenges, including difficulty accessing online lessons, downloading course materials, and engaging meaningfully with lecturers who also faced technical barriers. The results underscore the extent to which the COVID-19 crisis disrupted academic operations and exposed deep-seated vulnerabilities in the digital preparedness of higher education institutions. In light of these findings, the study advocates for a strategic expansion of ICT infrastructure across tertiary institutions in Ghana. Such investments are critical not only for enhancing educational resilience in the face of future disruptions but also for accelerating national progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4, which emphasizes inclusive and equitable quality education for all.