Perception and Use of Preconception Care Among Women in their Childbearing Age in the Eastern Region, Ghana.

Abstract

Preconception care is crucial for maternal and child health, influencing pregnancy outcomes and enhancing reproductive health. Women’s perception and access to preconception care are shaped by their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC), which together influence their decision regarding its use. This study examined the perception and utilization of preconception care among women of reproductive age through an analytical cross-sectional design and a Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire. The sample consisted of 133 respondents selected from Koforidua Regional Hospital and Kwahu Government Hospital, Atibie, using a systematic random technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that most respondents were aged 19-28 (59.4%), Christians (91.7%), Akans (54.9%), and did not have children (59.4%); but were planning to have children in the future (93.2%). A significant portion (84.2%) of respondents had positive perceptions towards preconception care. There was a statistically significant weak positive correlation between attitude and intention, and a moderate positive correlation between perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention to seek preconception care. Additionally, there was a strong negative correlation between intention and acceptability of preconception care (reported at 65.4%). The study concludes that women of childbearing age showed positive perception in their attitudes, strong intention and acceptance towards preconception care, influenced positively by their subjective norm (healthcare providers and close social relations) but negatively by perceived behavioural controls. This study has implications for practice, research and health policy to enhance perception and use of preconception care among women in their childbearing age.