Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019

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dc.contributor.authorAmeme, D.K.
dc.contributor.authorKenu, E.
dc.contributor.authorYeboah, Y.O.
dc.contributor.authorOdoom, J.K.
dc.contributor.authorDjokoto, S.K.
dc.contributor.authorAkyereko, E.
dc.contributor.authorMamudu, A.
dc.contributor.authorDiwura, M.
dc.contributor.authorOpare, W.
dc.contributor.authorAvevor, P.
dc.contributor.authorDiamenu, S.
dc.contributor.authorOhene, S.A.
dc.contributor.authorKenu, E.
dc.contributor.authorAsiedu‑Bekoe, F.
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-09T20:45:23Z
dc.date.available2023-02-09T20:45:23Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent OPV in April 2016 without corresponding co-administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) until June 2018, created a cohort of poliovirus type 2 naïve children with risk of developing vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2). In November and December 2019, two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were confirmed in quick succession through Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. We investigated to determine the outbreak extent, identify risk factors and implement control and preventive measures. Methods We interviewed case-patients’ families, abstracted immunization records, assessed AFP surveillance and conducted rapid OPV and IPV vaccination coverage surveys. Using AFP case definition of any child less than 15 years in the community with sudden onset of paralysis from July to November 2019 (in case-patient 1’s district) and August to December 2019 (in case-patient 2’s district), we conducted active case search. Stool samples from apparently healthy children and close contacts of the case-patients were collected and tested for poliovirus. We conducted environmental assessment of the community to identify potential risk factors. Results Case-patient 1 was an eight-year-old female who had taken two doses of OPV while case-patient 2 was an eight-month-old male who had taken three out of required four OPV doses in addition to IPV at seven months. Families of both case-patients had either travelled to or received visitors from areas with confirmed cVDPV2. Of all children surveyed, eight (29.6%) of 27 and three (18.8%) of 16 eligible children in communities of case-patient 1 and 2 respectively had received required four doses of OPV. No AFP case was found in both communities and surrounding settlements. Both communities had no source of potable water and toilet facilities. A stool sample from a contact of case-patient 1 tested positive for cVDPV2. Conclusion Outbreaks of cVDPV2 occurred in insanitary, under-vaccinated nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. Three rounds of monovalent OPV vaccination campaigns for children under 5 years of age in the districts and region as well as countrywide IPV vaccination campaign for poliovirus type 2 naïve cohort were conducted.en_US
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-01021-y
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080/handle/123456789/38621
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherArchives of Public Healthen_US
dc.subjectPoliovirusen_US
dc.subjectVaccine-deriveden_US
dc.subjectCirculatingen_US
dc.subjectOutbreaken_US
dc.subjectVaccinationen_US
dc.subjectPastoralisten_US
dc.titleResponse to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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