Consumption of multiple micronutrients or small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements containing iodine at the recommended dose during pregnancy, compared with iron and folic acid, does not affect women’s urinary iodine concentration in rural Malawi: a secondary outcome analysis of the iLiNS DYAD trial
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Public Health Nutrition
Abstract
Objectives: Inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy increases the risk of neo natal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate whether prenatal supplements
containing iodine affect urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) of pregnant women in
Malawi.
Design: A randomised controlled trial. Pregnant women (n 1391) were assigned to
consume 60 mg/d Fe and 400 μg/d folic acid (IFA) or 18 vitamins and minerals
including 250 μg/d iodine (MMN) or 20 g/d small-quantity lipid-based nutrient sup plements (SQ-LNS) with similar nutrient contents as MMN group, plus macronu trients (LNS) until childbirth. In a sub-study (n 317), we evaluated group
geometric mean urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (μg/L) at 36 weeks of gestation
controlling for baseline UIC and compared median (baseline) and geometric mean
(36 weeks) UIC with WHO cut-offs: UIC < 150, 150–249, 250–499 and ≥500 reflect ing insufficient, adequate, above requirements and excessive iodine intakes,
respectively.
Setting: Mangochi District, Malawi.
Participants: Women ≤20 weeks pregnant.
Results: Groups had comparable background characteristics. At baseline, overall
median (Q1, Q3) UIC (319 (167, 559)) suggested iodine intakes above require ments. At 36 weeks, the geometric mean (95 % CI) UIC of the IFA (197 (171,
226)), MMN (212 (185, 243)) and LNS (220 (192, 253)) groups did not differ
(P = 0·53) and reflected adequate intakes.
Conclusions: In this setting, provision of supplements containing iodine at the rec ommended dose to pregnant women with relatively high iodine intakes at base line, presumably from iodised salt, has no impact on the women’s UIC. Regular
monitoring of the iodine status of pregnant women in such settings is advisable.
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01239693.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
iLiNS DYAD-Malawi, small-quantity lipid-based nutrient, supplements, Multiple micronutrients, Pregnant women, Iodine intakes, Urinary iodine concentration