Valorization of Citrus Reticulata Peels for Flavonoids and Antioxidant Enhancement by Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger CGMCC 3.6189
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Molecules
Abstract
The bioactive components and bioactivities of citrus peel can be enhanced with microbial
fermentation. Accordingly, this study investigated the ability of Aspergillus niger CGMCC3.6189 to
accumulate flavonoids in Citrus reticulata peel powder (CRPP) by solid-state fermentation (SSF).
Under the optimal SSF conditions including 80% moisture, 30 ◦C, pH 4.0, 4 × 107
spores/g d.w.
CRPP, and 192 h, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and 2,20
-azinobis-
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)
scavenging activities of fermented CRPP significantly increased by 70.0, 26.8, 64.9, and 71.6%, re spectively. HPLC analysis showed that after fermentation, the contents of hesperidin, nobiletin, and
tangeretin were significantly increased from 19.36, 6.31, and 2.91 mg/g to 28.23, 7.78, and 3.49 mg/g,
respectively, while the contents of ferulic acid and narirutin were decreased under the optimal fermentation conditions. Fermentation time is one of the most important factors that affect the accumulation
of flavonoids and antioxidant activity; however, extended fermentation time increased the darkness
of CRPP color. Therefore, our study provides a feasible and effective SSF method to increase the
bioactive components and the antioxidant activity of CRPP that may be used in food, nutraceutical,
and medicinal industries.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
citrus peels, solid-state fermentation, polymethoxylflavones, nobiletin
Citation
Citation: Mamy, D.; Huang, Y.; Akpabli-Tsigbe, N.D.K.; Battino, M.; Chen, X. Valorization of Citrus Reticulata Peels for Flavonoids and Antioxidant Enhancement by Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger CGMCC 3.6189. Molecules 2022, 27, 8949. https:// doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248949