Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services by Students of the University of Ghana

Abstract

Background: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is an essential human right that ought to be within reach for every person, including those pursuing higher education at universities. Nonetheless, studies have revealed that university students encounter distinct challenges when it comes to obtaining SRH services. These obstacles include social stigma, inadequate confidentiality, and restricted service availability. Existing research evidence estimates that over 70% of university students engage in sexual activity, which places them at an increased vulnerability to adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. The main objective of the study is to assess utilization of sexual reproductive health services by students of the University of Ghana. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design and quantitative research instruments. A random sampling technique was employed to enrol 443 undergraduate students from the University of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was created and administered to collect information from the participants. The data were analysed using STATA version 17. Results: In this study, 351 questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 79.2%. The study explored the socio-economic background, SRH status, and experiences of university students, highlighting their perceptions, behaviours, and needs. Most participants were young adults aged 20–24, with varying sources of financial support. Students were relatively more comfortable discussing SRH issues with peers and healthcare but felt uncomfortable discussing these topics with parents. SRH service utilization was 36.47%, highest among those aged 20–24 years (43.98%) and Level 300 students (48.89%). Key factors associated with higher uptake included being in a sexual relationship (65.94%) and having a history of STI, pregnancy, or abortion. In the adjusted model, only a history of STI remained significantly associated with utilization (AOR = 3.38, p = 0.04), while those who had never had sex were significantly less likely to utilize services (AOR = 0.08, p = 0.00). Participants recommended expanding on-campus services, including STI testing, counseling, breast examinations, cervical cancer screening, and pregnancy testing. Conclusion: The study offers crucial insights into university students' sexual and reproductive health dynamics, emphasizing a strong demand for tailored services. While positive perceptions exist, addressing barriers like information gaps and stigma is essential. The research underscores the importance of comprehensive education, destigmatizing healthcare, and recognizing diverse backgrounds, emphasizing the need for nuanced, student-specific approaches to reproductive health services.