Exploring the Experiences of Victims of the Akosombo Dam Spillage: The Case of Mepe in the Volta Region of Ghana

Abstract

Flooding in Ghana is a recurrent issue in both rural and urban areas, aggravated by human factors, and climate change. In October 2023, the Akosombo Dam spillage led to one of Ghana’s most severe floods, affecting thousands of people in the Volta Region, particularly Mepe. Despite previous measures implemented by the Government and Non-Governmental Organisations to address flooding, the issue remains. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of victims of the Akosombo Dam spillage in Mepe. The objectives of the study were to explore the victim’s pre-spillage lives, current living conditions, coping mechanisms, and ways to reduce the impact of future Dam spillages. The Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) theory guided the study. The study employed a qualitative, phenomenological methodology. Data was collected using individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and photovoice. Using purposive sampling, 20 victims, and six key informants were recruited comprising the Assembly Member, two traditional leaders, and officials from National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO), Social Welfare, and Volta River Authority (VRA). Findings revealed that the spillage disrupted Mepe’s economy, which relied on farming and fishing. Inadequate preparedness resulted from lack of understanding of the education on the spillage, underestimation the spillage’s impact, and unwillingness of victims to relocate. The flooding destroyed homes, infrastructure, and public services, which led to economic hardship, and the collapse of social and cultural activities. Coping mechanisms included reliance on local support, and external aid. To reduce the impact of future spillages, participants called for better communication, infrastructure, and economic diversification. The study recommends economic recovery programs, improved disaster education, and stronger collaboration between communities, government agencies, and NGOs. Also, implications are discussed for social workers.