Drug resistance mutations and viral load in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infected patients in Ghana

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dc.contributor.authorAbana, C.Z.
dc.contributor.authorSagoe, K.W.C.
dc.contributor.authorBonney, E.Y.
dc.contributor.authorMaina, E.K.
dc.contributor.authorAziati, I.D.
dc.contributor.authorAgbosu, E.
dc.contributor.authorMawuli, G.
dc.contributor.authorStyer, L.M.
dc.contributor.authorIshikawa, K.
dc.contributor.authorBrandful, J.A.M.
dc.contributor.authorAmpofo, W.K.
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-22T09:20:23Z
dc.date.available2019-05-22T09:20:23Z
dc.date.issued2019-02
dc.description.abstractAntiretroviral therapy (ART) and drug resistance studies worldwide have focused almost exclusively on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). As a result, there is limited information on ART and drug resistance in HIV-2 patients. In Ghana, the HIV epidemic is characterized by the domination of HIV-1, with cocirculating HIV-2. We, therefore, sought to determine viral load and drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 patients to inform the clinical management of such individuals in Ghana. We used purposive sampling to collect blood from 16 consented patients, confirmed as HIV-2 or HIV-1/2 dual infections by serology. A 2-step real-time RT-PCR assay was used to determine plasma HIV-2 RNA viral loads. For drug resistance testing, nucleic acids were extracted from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The reverse transcriptase and protease genes of HIV-2 were amplified, sequenced and analyzed for drug resistance mutations and HIV-2 group. HIV-2 viral load was detected in 9 of 16 patients. Six of these had quantifiable viral loads (range: 2.62–5.45 log IU/mL) while 3 had viral loads below the limit of quantification. Sequences were generated from 7 out of 16 samples. Five of these were classified as HIV-2 group B and 2 as HIV-2 group A. HIV-2 drug resistance mutations (M184V, K65R, Y115F) were identified in 1 patient. This study is the first to report HIV-2 viral load and drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 strains from Ghana. The results indicate the need for continuous monitoring of drug resistance among HIV-2- infected patients to improve their clinical management.en_US
dc.identifier.otherhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014313
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/30187
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMedicineen_US
dc.subjectAntiretroviral therapyen_US
dc.subjectDrug resistanceen_US
dc.subjectHIV-2en_US
dc.subjectMutationen_US
dc.subjectViral loaden_US
dc.titleDrug resistance mutations and viral load in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infected patients in Ghanaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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