Exploring Substance Abuse And Substance Use Disorders In Patients Receiving Treatment At Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital

Abstract

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) became one of the major public health issues in Ghana and constitute one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. The abuse of alcohol, prescription, and illicit drugs can be outlined among many youths and adults across Ghana. The complexity of global substance abuse leading to substance use disorders is driven by so many factors. Considering the incessant cases of SUDs, it is imperative to understand the factors influencing these behaviors among youths and adults in Ghana. Therefore, this study explored commonly abused drugs in Ghana, the sociodemographic characteristics influencing substance abuse, factors associated with substance abuse, and the challenges faced by patients suffering from SUDs at Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital. Methods: The research used a descriptive study design. The population of this study was comprised of all patients who have been diagnosed with substance use disorders in Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital, a purposive sampling method was used in recruiting the participants. A qualitative research approach was employed in this research. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data were then analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. Results: Findings of this study showed that most drugs abused by participants are alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and pethidine. It was also observed that out of various disorders diagnosed among the participants, cannabis-induced psychosis is the prevalent substance use disorder. The various factors which influenced substance abuse and SUDs identified in the participants identified were curiosity, lack of awareness of the negative effects of substances, ease of accessibility of substances, enhancement of learning and academic performance, negative home environment, psychological factors, peer pressure, social acceptance and media marketing of substances. The challenges faced by participants were academic disruption, emotional reactions, loss of respect, loss of social status, financial difficulties, stereotyping, discrimination, and societal blame. Benefits: This study will help enrich knowledge on substance abuse in Ghana. It will help lawmakers not only concentrate on scientific advances but also consider the social factors influencing substance abuse to generate better policies for the citizens of Ghana.