Ethical constraints and dilemmas in the provision of in-vitro fertilization treatment in Ghana: from the perspectives of experts
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Date
2024
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BMC Medical Ethics
Abstract
Background Infertility presents both medical and public health challenges, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) emerging
as a prominent solution, particularly when other alternatives are exhausted. However, IVF treatment raises significant
ethical questions that have been under explored in the Ghanaian context. This study aimed to explore ethical
constraints and dilemmas in the provision of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in Ghana.
Methods A descriptive phenomenological qualitative design was employed. Purposive sampling techniques were
used to recruit 12 participants including ART experts from three in vitro fertilization (IVF) centres, ethicists and a legal
practitioner. In-depth face-to-face interviews guided by an open-ended interview guide were conducted. Thematic
analysis of the interviews was performed to identify major themes.
Results Providing IVF treatment in Ghana raises several ethical issues, including inequitable access due to high costs
and limited availability, which favour wealthier individuals and leave marginalized populations with fewer options.
There are significant ethical considerations in balancing the potential benefits of successful IVF treatment outcomes
against the health risks and emotional tolls on patients. Decisions about the fate of surplus embryos present moral
dilemmas, including whether to preserve, donate, or discard them. Differing personal beliefs about the moral status
of the embryo further complicate the ethical landscape. Ensuring informed consent is challenging due to the
complex medical, ethical, and emotional implications of IVF treatment, potentially leading to compromised consent.
Additionally, there are ongoing risks of breaches in confidentiality, given the sensitive nature of reproductive health
data and the importance of protecting patient privacy.
Conclusion This study revealed that several ethical dilemmas confront both healthcare providers and couples in the
process of IVF. There is an urgent need for the development of clear and uniform regulations to govern the practice of
IVF treatment in Ghana, with further attention given to mitigating financial barriers and enhancing support systems
for couples considering IVF treatment
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Assisted reproductive technologies, Commercialization of embryos, Informed consent