Anti-plasmodial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants
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Date
2022
Authors
Appiah-Opong, R.
Agyemang, K.
Dotse, E.
Atchoglo, P.
Owusu, K.B.
Aning, A.
Sakyiamah, M.
Adegle, R.
Ayertey, F.
Appiah, A.A.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SAGE
Abstract
Malaria affects about half of the world’s population. The sub-Saharan African region is the most affected. Plant natural products have
been a major source of antimalarial drugs; the first (quinine) and present (artemisinin) antimalarials are of natural product origin.
Some secondary metabolites demonstrate adjuvant antioxidant effects and selective activity. The focus of this study was to investigate the anti-plasmodial activity, cytotoxicities and antioxidant properties of eight (8) Ghanaian medicinal plants. The anti-plasmodial activity was determined using the SYBR green assay and the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was employed to assess
cytotoxicity of extracts to human RBCs and HL-60 cells. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu
and superoxide dismutase assays. Phytochemical contstituents of the plant extracts were also assessed. All the extracts demonstrated anti-plasmodial activities at concentrations <50 μg/ml. Parkia clappertoniana and Terminalia ivorensis elicited the strongest
anti-plasmodial activities with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.13 μg/ml and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively. This is the first report
on anti-plasmodial activities of Baphia nitida, Tabernaemontana crassa and Treculia Africana. T. Africana showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity with IC50 value of 6.62 µg/mL. Extracts of P. clappertoniana, T. Africana and T. ivorensis (0.4 mg/mL) showed >50% antioxidant effect (SOD). The extracts were not cytotoxicity towards RBCs at the concentration tested (200 μg/ml) but were weakly
cytotoxic to HL-60 cell. Selectivity indices of most of the extracts were greater than 10. Our results suggest that most of the plant
extracts have strong anti-plasmodial activity and antioxidant activity which warrants further investigations.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
antioxidant, anti-plasmodial, malaria, medicinal plants, phenolic content