Conflict And Migration In Bawku

Abstract

Conflict is generally a distinctive part of human society and has far-reaching consequences on human security, peace, social and economic activities. In view of this, conflict-induced migration is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon and a behavioural response in most developing countries. Against this backdrop, this study examined conflict and migration in Bawku Municipality. Specifically, it examined the historical patterns of migration in Bawku; the relative contribution of conflicts and other economic factors to out-migration in Bawku; and lastly, it examined the contributions of migrants to conflict and peace-building in Bawku. The study relied on 260 respondents comprising of 180 respondents randomly sampled for the questionnaire survey in Bawku, and 80 respondents randomly selected outside Bawku. Also key in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with respondents, Municipal Chief Executive, two religious leaders, elders of the Mamprusi and Kusasi, and representatives of NGOs and CSOs. The study’s findings revealed that majority of respondents did not migrate from Bawku during the conflict. Lack of networks or relations outside Bawku and strong family ties in Bawku accounted for reasons why respondents did not migrate. Greater Accra and Ashanti region were the major destination regions of migrants, albeit some also moved to other parts of Upper East region. Even in the midst of relative peace and security, majority of respondents were still apprehensive of the conflict recurring, given the volatile nature of the conflict resolution, the actions of security personnel within the region, political tension, and restrictions imposed on movement because of some boundary disputes. Unfortunately, the conflict has impacted negatively on business activities, access to land and agricultural activities in Bawku. This has generally affected economic development in Bawku. The study concludes that conflict has an impact on migration and socio-economic activities in the Bawku Municipality. The study recommends that in ensuring lasting peace and unity in the region, it is essential to promote inter-ethnic marriages and empower the local institutions to enhance participatory approach to conflict resolution and peace building.