Reduced Bacterial Counts from a Sewage Treatment Plant but Increased Counts and Antibiotic Resistance in the Recipient Stream in Accra, Ghana—A Cross-Sectional Study

dc.contributor.authorAdomako, L.A.B.
dc.contributor.authorYirenya-Tawiah, D.
dc.contributor.authorNukpezah, D.
dc.contributor.authorAbrahamya, A.
dc.contributor.authorLabi, A.
dc.contributor.authorGrigoryan, R.
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, H.
dc.contributor.authorOwusu-Danquah, J.
dc.contributor.authorAnnang, T.Y.
dc.contributor.authorBanu, R.A.
dc.contributor.authorOsei-Atweneboana, M.Y.
dc.contributor.authorTimire, C.
dc.contributor.authorTweya, H.
dc.contributor.authorAckon, S.E.D.
dc.contributor.authorNartey, E.
dc.contributor.authorZachariah, R.
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-13T09:34:26Z
dc.date.available2022-01-13T09:34:26Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractWastewater treatment plants receive sewage containing high concentrations of bacte ria and antibiotics. We assessed bacterial counts and their antibiotic resistance patterns in water from (a) influents and effluents of the Legon sewage treatment plant (STP) in Accra, Ghana and (b) upstream, outfall, and downstream in the recipient Onyasia stream. We conducted a cross sectional study of quality-controlled water testing (January–June 2018). In STP effluents, mean bacterial counts (colony-forming units/100 mL) had reduced E. coli (99.9% reduction; 102,266,667 to 710), A. hydrophila (98.8%; 376,333 to 9603), and P. aeruginosa (99.5%; 5,666,667 to 1550). Antibiotic resistance was significantly reduced for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime and increased for gentamicin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and imipenem. The highest levels were for amoxicillin/clavulanate (50–97%) and aztreonam (33%). Bacterial counts increased by 98.8% downstream compared to the sewage outfall and were predominated by E. coli, implying intense fecal contamination from other sources. There was a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance from upstream, to outfall, to downstream. The highest resistance was for amoxicillin/clavulanate (80–83%), cefuroxime (47–73%), aztreonam (53%), and ciprofloxacin (40%). The STP is efficient in reducing bacterial counts and thus reducing environmental contamination. The recipient stream is contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria listed as critically important for human use, which needs addressing.en_US
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020079
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/37594
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.subjectSORT ITen_US
dc.subjectOne Healthen_US
dc.subjectoperational researchen_US
dc.subjectsustainable development goalsen_US
dc.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen_US
dc.subjectantibiotic residuesen_US
dc.subjectwastewater treatmenten_US
dc.titleReduced Bacterial Counts from a Sewage Treatment Plant but Increased Counts and Antibiotic Resistance in the Recipient Stream in Accra, Ghana—A Cross-Sectional Studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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