Variation in Human Milk Composition Is Related to Differences in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbial Communities

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dc.contributor.authorPace, R.M.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorRobertson, B.
dc.contributor.authorLackey, K.A.
dc.contributor.authorMeehan, C.L.
dc.contributor.authorPrice, W.J.
dc.contributor.authorFoster, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorSellen, D.W.
dc.contributor.authorKamau-Mbuthia, E.W.
dc.contributor.authorKamundia, E.W.
dc.contributor.authorMbugua, S.
dc.contributor.authorMoore, S.E.
dc.contributor.authorPrentice, A.M.
dc.contributor.authorKita, D.G.
dc.contributor.authorKvist, L.J.
dc.contributor.authorOtoo, G.E.
dc.contributor.authorRuiz, L.
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez, J.M.
dc.contributor.authorPareja, R.G.
dc.contributor.authorMcGuire, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorBode, L.
dc.contributor.authorMcGuire, M.K.
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-15T13:01:04Z
dc.date.available2021-12-15T13:01:04Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractPreviously published data from our group and others demonstrate that human milk oligosaccharide (HMOs), as well as milk and infant fecal microbial profiles, vary by geography. However, little is known about the geographical variation of other milk-borne factors, such as lactose and protein, as well as the associations among these factors and microbial community structures in milk and infant feces. Here, we characterized and contrasted concentrations of milk-borne lactose, protein, and HMOs, and examined their associations with milk and infant fecal microbiomes in samples collected in 11 geographically diverse sites. Although geographical site was strongly associated with milk and infant fecal microbiomes, both sample types assorted into a smaller number of community state types based on shared microbial profiles. Similar to HMOs, concentrations of lactose and protein also varied by geography. Concentrations of HMOs, lactose, and protein were associated with differences in the microbial community structures of milk and infant feces and in the abundance of specific taxa. Taken together, these data suggest that the composition of human milk, even when produced by relatively healthy women, differs based on geographical boundaries and that concentrations of HMOs, lactose, and protein in milk are related to variation in milk and infant fecal microbial communities.en_US
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061153
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/37300
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.subjectbacteriaen_US
dc.subjectbreastmilken_US
dc.subjectgastrointestinal tracten_US
dc.subjectHMOen_US
dc.subjecthuman milken_US
dc.subjectinfanten_US
dc.subjectlactoseen_US
dc.subjectmicro-biomeen_US
dc.subjectoligosaccharidesen_US
dc.subjectproteinen_US
dc.titleVariation in Human Milk Composition Is Related to Differences in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbial Communitiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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