Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Associated Factors among Patients Diagnosed With Urinary Tract Infection at the Eastern Regional Hospital in Koforidua: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Date
2019-07
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of Ghana
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections
affecting people worldwide. The misuse of antibiotics used to treat UTIs has led to the
development of resistance among the major uropathogens in Ghana. The local antimicrobial
resistance pattern among uropathogens to help empirical decision making is not known at the
Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua.
Objective: This study examined the resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria over a five
year period and associated factors among patients diagnosed with UTI at the Eastern Regional
Hospital, Koforidua.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to review records of urine
culture and sensitivity data to determine resistance patterns and associated factors among
patients diagnosed with UTI at the Regional Hospital in Koforidua from 2014 to 2018.
Results: The prevalence of UTI was 20.3% among study subjects. Out of fourteen isolates
assessed, Escherichia coli (42.98%), Klebsiella spp (29.97%) and Citrobacter spp (12.51%)
were the most dominant uropathogens accounting for UTI. Resistance to antibiotics was very
high among uropathogens isolated with Ampicillin (90.8%), Co-trimoxazole (89.7%) and
Tetracycline (88.6%) being the most resistant antibiotics and Amikacin (8.7%), Nitrofurantoin
(35.9%) and Ciprofloxacin (37.5%) being the least resistant. Increasing age (AOR=2.53
CI=1.83, 3.47) and In-patient (AOR=1.26, CI=1.05, 1.53) are associated with ciprofloxacin
resistance.
Conclusion: This study showed that uropathogens responsible for UTI showed generallyhigh
resistance to the commonly prescribed antibiotics with few exceptions. These results could help
inform empirical treatment decisions for Urinary Tract Infections locally and also contribute
to AMR surveillance in general.
Description
MPH.
Keywords
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Bacterial Infections, Koforidua, Uropathogenic Bacteria