Barriers and Motivators to Physical Activity among Staff of Tema Development Corporation

Abstract

Introduction: Physical inactivity, a major risk factor of Non-Communicable Diseases, is reportedly on a global rise despite the existence of authentic information on the benefits of physically activity on health. Occupations involving low physical energy expenditure predispose workers to developing NCDs and musculoskeletal disorders. Investigating the barriers and motivators to physical activity among such workers could help implement measures that will motivate them to be physically active, thus promoting good health. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the physical activity levels, barriers, and motivators among staff of Tema Development Corporation. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that sampled 108 TDC staff from the 5 main departments using the stratified proportionate sampling method. Staff selection was based on one’s presence at work at the time of data collection, and also not being physically challenged. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics. Physical activity levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form, and physical activity motivators and barriers were assessed using the Exercise Benefits / Barriers Scale. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 16.0 and EPIInfo 7.2.5. Results: Median age of study participants was 27.5 years. Participants reported the improvement of physical fitness and the unavailability of exercise centres in their residential areas as their biggest physical activity motivator and barrier respectively. Overall, 45% of respondents reported high physical activity levels, of which 53% were males and 39% were females; about 37% of these participants were <29 years old, 48% were unmarried, 38% were from the Administration Department, and 64% enjoyed exercising. The median number of daily sitting hours was 6 hours. Participants’ age and sex were significantly associated with physical activity levels (p>0.032, p>0.044 respectively). Conclusion: The staff of TDC reported moderate and high physical activity levels; they also reported the unavailability of exercise centres as a major barrier to exercising while the improvement of physical fitness was a major motivator to exercising.