Public Health Emergency Preparedness of Hospitals for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in Western Region

Abstract

Background: Viral Haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are among the important public health emergencies of international concern as defined by the International Health Regulations (2005). They are associated with occurrence of major epidemics with high case-fatality rates. The emergence and re-emergence of VHF is a growing concern worldwide. The recent outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the sub region exposed many weaknesses in the disease surveillance and response systems in Africa due to inadequate preparedness of the health care sector. Ghana is at high risk of importation of VHF such EVD cases. The objective of the study was to assess the current status of Emergency preparedness for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in district hospitals of Western Region. Method: This cross- sectional descriptive study in selected health facilities conducted among 290 health care workers in six districts of the Western Region. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Quantitative data from the questionnaire was coded and then analyzed using descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel and Epi Info version 7. Qualitative data from key informant interviews was translated into simple matrix checklist with the respective responses assembled for easy comparison. Results: All facilities (6/6) had PHEMC in place. All facilities (6/6) had preparedness plans but does not include Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. The proportion of facilities with above average functioning PHEMC 33.3% (2/6). As much as 89% (258/290) of the HCWs had not received simulation exercise to practice skill drill. Thirty-three percent (2/6) of the health facilities received funding support from WHO and IOM for emergency preparedness activities. Conclusion: The emergency preparedness and capability of the six hospitals in the Western region to detect VHF is sub-optimal. Adequate training of staff, simulation and skill drill and funding remained the greatest challenge of the facilities to preparedness for VHFs.