Examining toxic leadership, pay satisfaction and LMX among nurses: evidence from Ghana
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Date
2023
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Industrial and Commercial Training
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a relationship between pay satisfaction and
leader–member relationship and examine pay satisfaction as a moderator of the relationship between
toxic leadership and LMX among public sector nurses in Ghana.
Design/methodology/approach – Using a cross-sectional survey approach, the authors used
questionnaires to collect data from 225 nurses working in public hospitals in Ghana. The hypotheses
were tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling.
Findings – The results of this study revealed that pay satisfaction levels of nurses had an influence on
leader–member exchange (LMX). The results further showed that pay satisfaction as a moderator of the
relationship between toxic leadership and LMX was not statistically significant.
Research limitations/implications – Cross-sectional surveys are often criticised for causality issue.
The causality issue here is that the link between toxic leadership, pay satisfaction and LMX was explored
at a given point in time and ignores changes through time.
Practical implications – Hospitals must encourage their leaders to demonstrate more supportive and
positive behaviours to foster positive leader–member relationships. Maladjusted, malcontent and
malevolent leadership behaviours are dangerous for nurses and hospitals and can be addressed
through leadership training and development.
Social implications – Toxic leadership has considerable organisational costs of low productivity and
negative work relationship at the workplace. The indirect effects of toxic leadership at the workplace on
employees’ families and friends are often silent in organisations.
Originality/value – Nurses have been ignored in toxic leadership research in emerging economies. LMX
is extended to examine toxic leadership and pay satisfaction in public hospitals in an emerging economy
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Toxic leadership, Pay satisfaction,, Public hospitals