Community Management of Buruli Ulcer Wounds and Scars in the Akuapem South Municipality

Abstract

Introduction: Buruli Ulcer (BU) is an environmental pathogen found in poor rural communities of tropical and sub-tropical regions. BU, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, is a debilitating disease of the skin and underlying tissues which starts as a painless nodule, oedema or plaque and could develop into painful and massive ulcers that might result in severe and permanent functional disabilities, if not treated well. Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study examined local perceptions and practices of wounds/sores and scars management, as well as community perceptions of health facility management of wounds/sores and scars. An in-depth interview, a qualitative data collection method was used. In all, twenty-six (26) respondents were interviewed which included the clinician of the Parkro Health Facility (Key Informant), and BU patients in the Akuapem South Municipality. Data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: The study revealed that most sufferers of BU disease sought help from herbalists, traditional healers and pastors because they believed the disease is caused by supernatural forces. However, they go to the health facility for management of their wounds/sores and scars when these alternative sources failed, a situation which usually leads to recurrence of wounds/sores and leaves patients with permanent deformities. The majority of patients considered the health facilities as most effective but geographically inaccessible. Conclusion: There is the need for a community awareness on BU disease through health education. More community-based BU surveillance volunteers should be recruited, trained and motivated to facilitate early detection and management of the disease. Health workers should also be reoriented and motivated to be willing to manage BU patients. Finally, halfway homes (temporary accommodation) closer to the facilities should be established by government and other relevant stakeholders for highly infected patients and their caregivers to lodge in while receiving treatment.