An Analysis of Anti- Human Trafficking Approaches towards Curbing Child Trafficking in Ghana (2005-2019)

Abstract

In 2005, Ghana domesticated the provisions of the United Nation’s “Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children” also known as the Palermo Protocol through the enactment of the Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694). Consequently, other laws were enacted to further align the provisions of Act 694 to the Palermo Protocol. Despite the efforts of the state to enforce these laws, trafficking in persons persists. The study therefore sought to examine the anti-child trafficking measures between 2005 and 2019 to explore in detail the reasons why child trafficking in Ghana remains undefeated. The theoretical framework on which the theory was premised was the compliance theory. The study which depended on both primary and secondary sources of data is purely qualitative. From the findings, the study concluded that the measures instituted to enforce the laws on preventing child trafficking have been efficient. The general challenge however, was highlighted as the inadequacy of funds. Specifically, the hindrances to the efficient implementation of strategies to prevent trafficking include deep-seated cultural practices and the lack of capacity of law enforcement officers. The impediments to adequately enforcing the provisions of the laws on protection include the lack of logistics to aid the process of reintegrating rescued victims while the delay in the court system which constrains victims to give up the hope of prosecution are other the identified hindrances to curbing the menace. The study, therefore, recommends the institution of effective monitoring and evaluation procedures to track all funds dispensed by the state. The proper structuring of sensitisation programmes on preventing child trafficking, the establishment of more state shelters and the establishment of courts solely for trying human trafficking cases are recommended to effectively tackle the menace in Ghana.