Process Evaluation of the Implementation of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) Household Toilet Project: A Case Study of La Dadekotopon Municipality (LaDMA), Accra

Abstract

Background: The Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) project started in the year 2015 and the study was to evaluate the operation of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area household toilet project in the La Dade-Kotopon Municipal Assembly. The study was carried out in May 2019. This was to examine whether the program was carried out as planned for the purpose of improving its design, its delivery and the usefulness of the quality of services delivered to the beneficiaries. Objective: The study was aimed at process evaluating the implementation of the GAMA household toilet project of New La-kpanaa in the La –Dade Kotopon municipal area. Method: The study was descriptive cross sectional study of household members 18 years and above in New La-kpanaa. A sample of 426 household members in the New La-kpanaa toilet facility project was interviewed. The sampling for the qualitative study was also done by recruiting a total of 5 interviewees among workers and managers of the GAMA secretariat and 2 landlords from the New La-kpanaa in order to solicit their views on the project related to constraints of some implementation factors. The data elicited was analyzed with Excel 2013 and Stata/IC version 15 and summarized into chart and frequency table. Chi Square test statistics was used to test the association between the dependent variables and the independable variables. Result: The following are findings of the study. The study revealed that over 46.5% are households with toilet facility, whereas majority 53.5% do not have toilet facilities in their household. The results shows that there were more households who did not have toilet facility in their household compared to those who have toilet facility in their households. Also, the study investigated the activities identified from interview conducted through qualitative study. Findings from the study shows that through community mobilization and sensitization, created demand for the GAMA household toilet project. Furthermore, the study investigated the experiences of the benefits of toilet for beneficiaries of the GAMA household toilet project. The results showed that the comparison between users of toilet facility and non-users of toilet facility whereby findings revealed that majority of households (94%) use toilet facility as compared to a lesser percentage of (6%) who do not use toilet facility. The study investigated the level of knowledge of the GAMA household toilet project. Finding from this study indicated that about 292 respondents representing 68.5% had knowledge of the GAMA toilet project as compared to (27.2%) of households who did not have any form of knowledge on the GAMA household toilet project. Finally, the study again investigated the challenges associated with the GAMA household toilet project. Evidence from the results showed that land space availability formed part of the highest challenges regarding the implementation factors, representing (29%). Conclusion: The study concludes that there was a statistical relationship between education and toilet usage. This established the fact that education played a significant role in relation to toilet usage. Again, the study also concludes that land space was the major challenge among the implementation factors which also constituted reasons for low accessibility of toilet facility. The study concludes that based on the findings from the Poverty Probability Index, majority of households that has benefitted from the GAMA household toilet project were not poor. Recommendation: The study recommends that the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area household toilet project should concentrate to provide for low income household and majority of households who could pay toilet facility should be provided at a full cost.