Research Articles
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A research article reports the results of original research, assesses its contribution to the body of knowledge in a given area, and is published in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal. The faculty publications through published and on-going articles/researches are captured in this community
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Item Tourism and economic wellbeing in Africa(Positive Tourism in Africa, 2019-04-25) Ebo, H.; Ogechi, A.; Olaniyi, E.The importance of tourism as a driver of economic growth and development in countries is well explored in the literature. In this chapter, we extend this line of research by incorporating the concept of economic wellbeing to tourism research in Africa. The chapter explores the effect of tourism on economic wellbeing for 44 African countries for the period 1995-2015 using fully modified least square method. The empirical evidence shows there is a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between tourism and economic wellbeing, indicating that increased tourism is associated with increased economic wellbeing. The evidence also indicates bi-directional causal linkages between tourism and economic wellbeing in the short and long run, implying that tourism leads to economic wellbeing while economic wellbeing also leads to the expansion of tourist activities both in the short and long run. The chapter therefore contributes to a deeper understanding of tourism as an important factor for the economic wellbeing of destination countries.Item Central bank independence, elections and fiscal policy in Africa: Examining the moderating role of political institutions(International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2019-12-02) Agoba, A.M.; Abor, J.Y.; Osei, K.; Sa-Aadu, J.; Amoah, B.; Dzeha, G.C.O.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to primarily investigate the ability of independent central banks (central bank independence (CBI)) to improve fiscal performances in Africa, accounting for election years, and also to examine whether the effectiveness of CBI in improving fiscal performance is enhanced by higher political institutional quality. Design/methodology/approach – Using recent CBI data from Garriga (2016) on 48 African countries, 90 other developing countries and 40 developed countries over the period 1970–2012, the authors apply a two stage system GMM with Windmeijer (2005) small sample robust correction estimator to examine the impact of CBI and elections on fiscal policy in Africa, other developing countries and developed countries. Findings – The authors provide evidence that unlike in other developing countries and developed countries, CBI does not significantly improve fiscal performance in Africa. However, the effectiveness of CBI in improving fiscal performance in Africa is enhanced by higher levels of institutional quality. Although elections directly worsen fiscal performance in Africa, institutional quality enhances CBI’s effect on improving fiscal performance in election years across Africa, other developing countries and developed countries. Practical implications – The findings of the study are significant as they provide insight into the benefits of having strong institutions to complement independent central banks in order to control fiscal indiscipline in election years. Originality/value – The study is the first among the studies of CBI-fiscal policy nexus, to measure fiscal policy using net central bank claims on government as a percentage of GDP. In addition to the use of fiscal balance, this study also uses cyclically adjusted fiscal balance as a measure of fiscal policy. This is a critical channel through which independent central banks can constrain governItem Benevolence and Negative Deviant Behavior in Africa: The Moderating Role of Centralization(Journal of Business Ethics, 2019-11-16) Zoogah, R.B.; Zoogah, D.B.The growing interest in Africa as well as concerns about negative deviant behaviors and ethnic structures necessitates examination of the effect of ethnic expectations on behavior of employees. In this study we leverage insight from ethnos oblige theory to propose that centralization of ethnic norms moderates the relationship between benevolence expectations and negative deviant behavior. Using a cross-sectional design and data from two countries (Ghana: n = 328 and Botswana: n = 100) as well as moderation and cross-cultural analytic techniques, we find support for three-way interactions where the relationship between benevolence and negative deviant behavior is moderated by centralization and culture. We discuss the implications of the findings which support the dynamic perspective of management in Africa.Item Factors Influencing Change in Behavior among Residents with Drug Addiction in a Mental Hospital in Ghana(Journal of Public Health, 2019) Asuman, D.; Ackah, C.G.; Fenny, A.P.; Agyire-Tettey, F.Aim Health and nutrition in early childhood are essential for survival, growth and adult life outcomes. As such, a number of global and national interventions have been pursued to improve early childhood health and nutrition. However, child malnutrition is pervasive and endemic across the sub Saharan Africa. This paper therefore assesses the nature and trends of socioeconomic inequalities in child stunting. The paper proceeds to decompose the causes of such socioeconomic-related inequalities over the period covered. Subjects and methods We used data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) for ten sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2000 and 2016. The study employs an extension to the concentration index for binary health outcomes to measure socioeconomic inequalities in stunting and decompose the causes of inequalities in stunting using a generalized decomposition technique based on recentered influence function regressions. Results The results show substantial pro-rich inequalities in child stunting across sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence of stunting are concentrated among children living in households with low socioeconomic status. In spite of persistent declines in the prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years across the study countries since 2000, trends in socioeconomic inequalities in stunting are mixed. We find significant contributions of child, maternal, and household characteristics to inequalities in child stunting. Conclusion The results suggest that there is the need to design and target nutrition-based interventions at children in low socioeconomic households. In addition, promoting female education and improving access to health and nutrition information will be key to improving child nutrition across the region.Item Researching our shared heritage: What do we want to see today?(South African Archaeological Bulletin, 2019-09) Kodzo, G.Archaeology has contributed immensely to knowledge about Africa's cultural past. It has informed us about the foundations and character of behaviour among different communities of people, the processes by which humans and their culture have developed and transformed within variable temporal and spatial contexts, and about the nature and legacies of cross-cultural interactions and interconnections between Africans and other peoples of the world (Connah 2001; Phillipson 2005; Mitchell and Lane 2013). The discipline has become increasingly nuanced and sophisticated on the continent (Mitchell and Lane 2013; Connah 2013; Stahl 2004) with research results stimulating revisions and refinements of archaeological theory, methods and techniques globally. Some researchers who work on the African continent, including Ann Stahl (2004), Judy Sterner and Nicholas David (2008), andWazi Apoh and Kodzo Gavua (2016) have made appreciable attempts to reconcile their scientific research interests with the social, political, and economic issues of the nations in which they operate.Item Assessment of Emergency Medical Services in the Ashanti Region of Ghana(Ghana Medical Journal, 2015-09) Mould-Millman, N.K.; Oteng, R.; Zakariah, A.; Osei-Ampofo, M.; Oduro, G.; Barsan, W.; Donkor, P.; Kowalenko, T.Background: We aimed to assess the structure, function and performance of Ashanti Region’s emergency medical services system in the context of the regional need for prehospital emergency care. Design: A mixed-methods approach was employed, using retrospective collection of quantitative data and prospectively gathered qualitative data. Setting – pertinent data were collected from Ghanaian and international sources; interviews and technical assessments were performed primarily in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Participants: All stakeholders relevant to emergency medical services in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were assessed; there was a special focus on National Ambulance Service (NAS) and Ashanti Region healthcare personnel. Intervention: This was an observational study using qualitative and quantitative assessment techniques. Main outcome measures: The structure, function and performance of the Ashanti emergency medical services system, guided by a relevant technical assessment framework. Results: NAS is the premier and only true prehospital agency in the Ashanti Region. NAS has developed almost every essential aspect of an EMS system necessary to achieve its mission within a low-resource setting. NAS continues to increase its number of response units to address the overwhelming Ashanti region demand, especially primary calls. Deficient areas in need of development are governance, reliable revenue, public access, community integration, clinical care guidelines, research and quality assurance processes. Conclusions: The Ashanti Region has a growing and thriving emergency medical services system. Although many essential areas for development were identified, NAS is well poised to meet the regional demand for prehospital emergency care and transport.Item The Health of Adult Women in Accra(Ghana medical journal, 2012-06) Darko, R.; Hill, A.G.The seven papers in this issue of the Journal highlight a number of well- known but largely unquantified health issues facing adults in Accra, and by extension, other rapidly growing cities in West Africa. Much is written about the ‘second epidemiological transition’1 and the ‘double burden’ of communicable and noncommunicable disease2 in post-transition populations. Here we present some new population-based health assessments as well as some surprises in terms of health differentials and patterns of reproduction.Item Haemodialysis Treatment For End Stage Chronic Kidney Disease And Acute Kidney Injury In Africa(Ghana medical journal, 2019-03) Adu, D.In this issue of the journal Okunola and colleagues (page 4) report their experience of haemodialysis management of 180 patients with chronic kidney failure and 45 patients with acute kidney injury (formerly called acute renal failure) in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital (LAUTECH), Osogbo, Nigeria.Item Is political business cycle an enemy to human development? Empirical evidence from Africa(Journal Economic and Political Studies, 2019-01-10) Iddrisu, A.G.; Mohammed, J.I.Extant literature has argued that, with major extension of democracy since the 1990s, political business cycle has become more intense and has made African political systems more fragile. In light of this, this paper examines both the existence of African political business cycles and their impact on human development. It confirms the existence of political business cycles in Africa. Estimates of a panel fixed effects and system-GMM regression techniques for 38 African countries from 1990 to 2015 also suggest that such cycles worsen human development in African countries. This finding is consistent if we limit our analysis to various sub-regions of Africa, and also at two different income levels.Item Promoting maternal mental health in Ghana: An examination of the involvement and professional development needs of nurses and midwives(Nurse Education in Practice, 2019-08-18) Adjorlolo, S.; Aziato, L.; Akorli, V.V.Insight into the involvement and professional development needs (PDNs) of non-mental health nurses and midwives with respect to promoting maternal mental health is necessary to integrate mental health services into primary healthcare delivery. Using a cross-sectional survey and self-report methodology, the study investigates the involvement, PDNs, knowledge and attitudes of 309 nurses and midwives in promoting maternal mental health in Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely Analysis of Variance, bivariate and logistic regression, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the majority of the participants (94%) indicated they were involved in promoting maternal mental health. Knowledge about maternal mental health correlated significantly with involvement in promoting maternal mental health (p < .05), whereas attitude towards maternal mental health did not. An overwhelming proportion of the participants (83%–94%) expressed profound interest in professional development education across a range of maternal mental health areas. Enhancing the mental health knowledge-base of nurses and midwives could contribute significantly to promoting maternal mental health.