Department of Banking and Finance
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://197.255.125.131:4000/handle/123456789/23056
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Item Understanding and controlling financial fraud in the drug industry(Journal of Financial Crime, 2020-01-31) Andoh, C.; Akomea-Frimpong, I.Purpose – This study aims to assess the fraud cases, factors and control measures of financial fraud in the drug industry with evidence from Ghana. Drug industry and pharmaceutical are the same, and they are used interchangeably in this study. Design/methodology/approach – Data from questionnaires were collected from 412 manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of the drug industry. Data were presented and analysed with descriptive statistics and probit regression. Findings – Results show that, in general, stealing of drugs, stealing of cash, usage of fake cheques, falsified documents and dubious accounting practices are some of the fraud cases in the industry. Factors such as gender, educational level, religious beliefs, regulatory 7measures, pressure, rationalization and opportunities influence financial fraud in the drug industry. Control measures such as thorough assessment of products, regular review of fraud policies, installation of fraud-detection software and effective internal systems could reduce the menace. Research limitations/implications – The paper addresses a number of theoretical and systemic issues on financial fraud in the drug industry but with limited specific quantitative data or calculations as well as limited sample size. Further studies could offer a more quantitative approach with a larger sample size in an attempt, for instance, to estimate the financial costs of financial fraud to the drug industry. Practical implications – This paper openly tackles various attempted frauds and financial malfeasances from stakeholder perspectives in the drug industry. Practical measures have been given to tackle the consequences of the menace. Originality/value – This paper is geared towards providing valuable learning points for stakeholders in the drug industry to handle daily operations to assist them in detecting and preventing similar occurrence of financial fraud.Item Control of fraud on mobile money services in Ghana: an exploratory study(Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2019-05-07) Andoh, C.; Akomea-Frimpong, I.; Akomea-Frimpong, A.; Dwomoh-Okudzeto, Y.Purpose – Fraud is a global economic menace which threatens the survival of individuals, firms, industries and economies, and the mobile money service is no exception. This paper aims to explore the main causes of fraud in the mobile money services in Ghana and the measures to combat the menace by the key stakeholders connected to the mobile money services. The paper is motivated by recent reports of numerous fraudulent transactions on the mobile money platform, and the need to clamp down these nefarious transactions with effective and practicalmeasures to sustain the service. Design/methodology/approach – A thorough review of existing studies on fraud risk relating to mobile money services was done revealing a paucity of literature on the subject. Primary data were gathered using an interview guide to explore the magnitude of the problem based on the views of employees of mobile money operators, mobile money agents, banking supervisors from Bank of Ghana, employees of partnering banks, employees of National Communications Authority and mobile money subscribers. Findings – The study revealed that fraud in mobile money services is caused by weak internal controls and systems, lack of sophisticated information technology tools to detect the menace, inadequate education and training and the poor remuneration of employees. These factors disrupt the growth, and the smooth-running of the services. To curb this menace, a detailed legal code and internal fraud policy should be developed and used by mobile money operators and partner banks. Adequate training for mobile money agents should be encouraged coupled with public awareness campaigns to educate stakeholders especially the mobile money subscribers on the tricks of the fraudsters. Research limitations/implications – With the chosen research methodology and limited sample size, the findings may not reflect the views of all the stakeholders connected to the mobile money services. Therefore, future studies on this subject are entreated to use research methods which embrace larger samples to get more details about this menace. Practical implications – The study will assist in tackling the mobile money fraud to sustain the service in the foreseeable future. Originality/value – This paper contributes to scanty literature on fraud relating to the mobile money services by drawing lessons from a middle-income country.Item Board gender diversity, corporate governance and bank efficiency in Ghana: a two stage data envelope analysis (DEA) approach(Corporate Governance (Bingley), 2018-10) Adeabah, D.; Gyeke-Dako, A.; Andoh, C.Purpose This study aims to analyze the efficiency of banks under board gender diversity and to examine the determinants of bank efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Data for analysis were sourced from annual reports of 21 banks for the period from 2009 to 2017. A two-step framework was used: first, an examination of efficiency scores with and without board gender diversity computed using data envelopment analysis; and second, a regression of board gender diversity as a determinant of bank efficiency using panel estimation on an unbalanced panel data. Findings The results reveal that gender diversity promotes bank efficiency up to a maximum of two female directors on a nine-member board of directors, suggesting a threshold effect on bank efficiency. Board size improves bank efficiency. Board independence is negatively related to bank efficiency. Also, powerful chief executive officers are detrimental for bank efficiency. Finally, the authors find that ownership structure, bank size, bank age and loan-to-deposit ratio are important factors affecting bank efficiency. Research limitations/implications All bank-year observations with no female representation on the board were excluded. As such, this paper is limited to 21 banks. Future research should look at a larger data set and account for dynamic endogeneity. Practical implications The paper contributes to bank governance structure, namely, gender composition of boards, and provides an insight for regulators and shareholders to estimate the role of men and women on boards. Originality/value The novel feature of the efficiency model used is that it incorporates board gender diversity as an additional input variable, in line with the preposition of proponent of resource dependency theory.Item Asset quality in a crisis period: An empirical examination of Ghanaian banks(Elsevier - Science Direct (Review of Development Finance), 2014-03-08) Alhassan, A.L.; Kyereboah-Coleman, A.; Andoh, C.This paper examines the factors that account for the deterioration in the asset quality of Ghanaian banks during a period of financial crises usinga unique dataset on 25 banks from 2005 to 2010. Based on system Generalized Method of Moments estimations, we find that the persistence ofnon-performing loans in addition to loan growth, bank market structure, bank size, inflation, real exchange rate and GDP growth are the significantdeterminants of banks asset quality in Ghana. The findings have implications for both bank management and regulators in emerging economies.