Department of Nuclear Agriculture and Radiation Processing

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    Development And Preservation Of A Cocktail Beverage Produced From Carrot (Daucus Carrota), Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) And Mango (Mangifera Indica L,)
    (University of Ghana, 2013-07) Boateng, A.A.
    Carrot is known to have the potential of providing vital nutrition as well as health and well-being to consumers. In this study, carrot juice was envisaged as a good vehicle for spreading its nutraceutical benefits. The study was then designed in two parts: (a) Survey to establish the beverage consumption pattern in the Anyaa-Sowutuom District in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana and (b) Carrot juice formulation and optimisation. The survey was conducted by administering a questionnaire to volunteer adult consumers. To develop an acceptable carrot juice beverage, pineapple juice and mango juice were included as components to improve taste and flavour respectively. A constrained, simplex centroid mixture design for three components was employed to optimise the proportions of the components in the final product based on sensory attributes. Chemical analyses as well as shelf stability studies were conducted for the optimised beverage preserved by chemicals and gamma radiation. Data obtained from the survey revealed that juices were very popular among consumers. The choice of a particular beverage was dependent on nutrition, taste and colour. Contour plots generated from sensory data of the products were overlaid to determine the optimum ratios of the components of the cocktail beverage. The optimised product consisted of 50-52 % Carrot, 18-20 % Pineapple and 28-30 % Mango. Analysis of the beverage revealed 223 mg/100ml Potassium, 3.92 mg/100ml Pro-vitamin A (Beta carotene) and 43 mg/100ml Vitamin C. After 8 weeks of storage 77 % Pro-vitamin A was retained in products chemically treated and as well as products irradiated at 1 kGy. However, about 60 % of this same nutrient was retained even under relatively higher dose (2.5 kGy) of gamma radiation. The microbial quality of the beverage was good under all conditions studied.
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    Effect Of Irradiation And Colchicine On Callus And Somatic Embryo Formation In Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz)
    (University of Ghana, 2012-06) Dzimegah, D.A.
    A study was conducted to assess the mutagenic effect of gamma radiation on sprouting and height in four local cassava accessions.The four cassava accessions were assessed for their callus induction and somatic embryo formation ability from leaf lobes from gamma irradiated stakes as well as colchicine treated leaf lobes on different concentrations of plant growth regulators, incorporated into Murashige and Skoog, (1962) (MS) basal medium. The cassava accessions were irradiated at 0, 32, 35, 45 and 50 Gy and planted in pots filled with loamy soil. The height of the shoots was measured with rule after sprouting. The leaf lobes were collected from the shoots and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 8 mg/l 2,4-D and 16 mg/l Picloram. Another set of leaf lobes were treated with 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 g/l colchicine for one hour and thereafter cultured on MS medium supplemented with 8 mg/l 2,4-D and 16 mg/l Picloram as described above. Callus induction from leaf lobes in 45 and 50 Gy were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by the irradiation. However, callus induced from leaf lobes in 32 and 35 Gy were not significantly (p≤0.05) affected by the irradiation. On the other hand, Callus induction from leaf lobes in 0.1-0.25 g/l colchicine were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by the mutagenic treatment whereas callus induced from leaf lobes in 0.05 g/l colchicine was not significantly (p≤0.05) affected. Callus induced on 8 mg/l 2,4-D and 16 mg/l picloram gave the best response in Ankrah and all control tested while Tomfa recorded the least. Colchicine at a concentration of 0.05 g/l and radiation dose of 32 Gy treatments gave the best response of callusing. Callus induction decreased with increasing colchicine concentration and gamma irradiation. Callus derived from irradiated and colchicine leaf lobes appeared soft but friable and tiny, compact, respectively, predominately with creamy to brown colouration.Calli obtained were sub-cultured on embryo regeneration medium consisting of MS supplemented with 0.01mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. There was no plantlet regeneration. Instead, embryo formation and prolific root was observed in cases where there was no embryo. Similarly, somatic embryo formation was significantly (p≤0.05) different among the accessions. No response to callus formation was observed in 0.25 g/l colchicine treatment after 30 days. Among the four accessions evaluated, Ankrah was the most promising accession in terms of callus induction frequency and somatic embryo formation ability. The results presented in this thesis clearly show that, sprouting in all accessions decreased as the dose of irradiation increased. Gamma irradiation had significantly (p≤0.05) effected height of cassava plant but this varied among all accessions.. Also, among the four accessions studied Ankrah and Tuaka were the most promising accession in terms of callus induction and somatic embryo formation ability.