Centre for Migration Studies

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    Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on the Care of the Of the Elderly Left-Behind in the Akuse Community
    (University Of Ghana, 2018-07) Seyram, R.
    Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon which impacts populations around the world in diverse ways. Research on the impact of rural-urban migration on the migrant, the rural areas and urban centres have been conducted, however little is known about how rural-urban migration affects the care of the elderly who are left behind. . This study set out to investigate the effects of rural-urban migration on the care of the elderly left behind in Akuse. Using a mixed methods approach comprising of 100 questionnaires and 7 in-depth interviews, the study focused on the cost implications of care when the young adult has migrated, the challenges faced as well as the coping strategies employed by the elderly left behind. The study found that most of the respondents had experienced an improvement in their living conditions after the migration of their adult children. This improvement was however limited as for many of the respondents, the remittances received often only covered the cost of food, leaving the burden of financing other necessities including clothing, medication and utilities on the respondents. The study recommends that the government, through the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection extend its social intervention programmes such as LEAP to include the elderly in Akuse. In addition, it is recommended that the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality create programs to provide vocational training such as sewing, hair dressing and fishing in order to create jobs within the district. This would in turn reduce the incidence of rural-urban migration and allow the youth to effectively care for the elderly in the community.
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    Perceived Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Food Systems: A Case Study of Farmers in Nkoranza South Municipality, Ghana.
    (University of Ghana, 2018-07) Botchey, G.F.
    Rural-urban migration is a major challenge in traditionally migration prone areas such as Nkoranza South Municipality in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Food system and its related activities embedded in agriculture, for example, non-mechanized farming suffer the most as a result of labour shortage associated with out-migration from farming areas. Some specific objectives of the study were to identify community perception about rural-urban migration and to determine perceived effects of rural-urban migration on some aspect of food systems (weeding, planting, harvesting and transporting) from the farmer‟s perspective in some communities (Ahyiayem, Asonkwaa and Nyinase) in Nkoranza. The research design that was adopted for the study was mixed methods. The sample size was made up of 270 farmers within the communities, selected through a multistage sampling procedure. Instruments used for the study were structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and the qualitative through the use of thematic analysis. The results show that decrease in food production, reduce farming income and loss of labour for farming activities were the most immediate impact of migration on food systems. The findings further indicated that non-mechanization type of farming in the area has made specific components of food systems such as weeding, planting, harvesting and transporting of produce labour intensive due to out-migration, with the majority (87.4%) relying on hired labour elsewhere in the absence of family labour for farm work. It again reveals that significant proportion of farmers attributed migration as the cause of decreased labour in the area with more than half of the farmers acknowledging a direct link on the impact of labour availability on food production. In spite, of the perceived negative impact of migration on food systems, migration also impacted positively on the left-behind families and their livelihood in general due to receipt of remittances. It is concluded that food production activities were affected by migration in the area of labour and income generation from farming. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that traditional agriculture and food systems should be improve by establishing agro processing factories to reduce the amount of food wastage during harvest. Mechanize farming should be supported by government in the absence of human labour for farm work. Finally, since agriculture is dominated by men in the study area, agricultural policies should mainstream women engagement and encourage them into the sector.
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    The Effects Of Rural-Urban Migration On Children Left-Behind By The Migrants: A Case Study Of Ningo -Prampram District In The Greater Accra Region
    (University of Ghana, 2013-07) Appiahning, S.
    This study was designed to investigate the effects of rural–urban migration on the migrant children left behind. A cross sectional study where data was collected using two structured questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the study participants and these included eighty (80) children whose parents have migrated from the rural areas to the urban areas in Ghana and forty (40) Caregivers / relatives who attended to these children in the absence of their parents. Data on demographics, living arrangements, effects of migration on educational performance, psychological effects on children were collected from the children aged 15-17years. The findings of this study show that in the Ghanaian context the effects of parental migration on children whether desirable or undesirable depends on other socio- economic factors- pull and push. Majority (50%) of both parents have migrated. Few fathers (10%) and 40% of mothers have migrated separately to the urban centres. Majority (71.25%) of the children said the absence of their parents does not deteriorate their academic performance. The care takers/relatives said though the migrants left because of lack of employment opportunities in the rural areas, they (migrants) are unable to send enough remittances for the upkeep of the children while 20% of the migrants do not send remittances at all home. It also came out that the income of the migrants has improved from 15% to 85 %. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that parental migration and the consequent parent-child separation do not necessarily affect the living arrangement, positioning and attendance of the children’s education adversely if the left-behind children are in the care of caregivers who provide them with the needed care and guidance. In view of this, the Ghanaian family values which encourage child care by all society and family members, and not just biological parents should be upheld and sustained. However, there is the need for care givers especially the educated ones to take the children education seriously by assisting them in their school assignments. Also, the care givers should monitor the children well by attitudes like high tempers, alcohol intake and decision making on their own which will help to know the challenges they face to support them early to avoid further problems.
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    Rural-Urban Migration and Its Socio-Cultural Effects on the Or1gin Community: The Case of Kpatinga in the Gushegu District in the Northern Region of Ghana
    (University Of Ghana, 2016-07) Issahaku., A.
    This study examines rural-urban migration and its socio-cultural effects on an origin community- Kpatinga in the Gushegu district in the Northern region of Ghana. The findings could also have policy implications for developing countries in general and Ghana in particular. It could contribute to the debate on managing internal migration in such a way that it maximizes the positives while minimizing the negatives. A mixed method research design was adopted for the study. Questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and field observations were used to collect data. A number of relevant theories were combined to analyze the causes of rural-urban migration, migrants’ migration experiences and possible return to origin community. The push-pull theory was used to examine the causes of rural-urban migration. While Migration System Theory, Neo-Classical Migration Theory, and Network System Theory of Migration were used to examine migrants behaviours, their migration experiences, and possible return. The findings of the study indicate that most migrants were engaged in low paid jobs and many also had a short period (between six months and one year) of stay at destination places. Despite most of them had short stay, some of them still managed to invest in their origin community before their return. Majority of the migrants maintained close ties with relatives and friends back in their home community and also remit them as much as their meager resources would allow. The return of migrants has influenced some of on their socio-cultural values such as food, entertainment, language, dress and education. The study revealed that there are no wellorganised and institutionalised support programs by either state or non-state actors in the community to discourage people from migrating. A number of policies were proposed, based on the findings of the study, to help improve the living standards of the people and to discourage them from re-migration. The study confirmed rural-urban migration has got effects on the socio-cultural lives of the people of Kpatinga. This is particularly so in areas such as the values of the people including changes in gender roles and how rural-urban migration has affected socio-cultural lives of the people in the community
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    Consequences Of Rural-Urban Migration Of Street Vendors In The Accra Metropolitan Area And The La Nkwantanang-Madina Municipality
    (University of Ghana, 2017-07) Kuadamah, R.A.
    Rural-urban migration has resulted in rapid urbanization with attendant problems of urban unemployment leading to increasing street vending which invariably is a source of livelihood for many street vendors and their dependents at the destination and the origin. In their quest to eke for livelihood and survival on the streets, street vendors tend to have confrontations with the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) city authorities who on one hand have designated the activities of the vendors as illegal and nuisance to the development of the city centre and on the other hand they concede that they are a source of revenue in embarking on developmental projects. The study therefore sought to explore the consequences of rural-urban migration of street vendors in the Accra metropolitan area and the La Nkwantanang-Madina municipality. Specifically, the research tries to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of the migrant street vendors that make them move to Accra; find out the push and pull factors that generate the migration of street vendors to Accra; examine how migrant street vendors negotiate their relationship with city authorities and their fellow vendors; and examine the effects of their rural-urban migration on their livelihoods and those of their families. The study employed the mixed method approach to gather the data from 60 respondents for the survey questionnaires, in-depth interview of 12 informants and 3 key informants from the AMA officials. Purposive sampling design was used to select the respondents for the interviews. The survey reveals that street vendors are mostly in confrontation with AMA city authorities over the use streets, pavements and open spaces. Recommendations have been at the end of the survey to reduce the influx of the migrants and how the relationship between the migrants and the AMA city authorities can be handled.