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Item Modal Farm Plans for Tobacco Farmers in Ejuka and Wenchi Areas of Ghana(University of Ghana, 197-12) Kueanchie, F.A.; Danso, S.K.A.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Soil ScienceThe objective of the study was to obtain information on the existence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in Ghanaian soils, evaluate their effectiveness with the view to improving nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield potential of soybean. Eight soil series were screened for nodulation capabilities of soybean using six cultivars (four promiscuous and two non-promiscuous). The soils were Adenta, Akuse, Anyinase and Bekwai; the rest were Hatso, Nyigbenya, Nzima and Toje. Four cultivars nodulated in four soils and one in five soils. There was no nodulation in Anyinase, Bekwai and Nzima soils. Bragg, a non-promiscuous genotype, nodulated considerably well contrary to documented reports in the literature that non-promiscuous American soybean genotypes do not normally nodulate in tropical soils. Most Probable Number (MPN) counts carried out established some relationship between nodulation and bradyrhizobia population in the soils used for the studies. Symbiotic effectiveness test carried out on 60 selected isolates from the screening experiment showed that 15% of the isolates were highly effective, 65% ineffective and 20% moderately effective. Inoculation studies were carried out on three soybean cultivars namely Bragg (Non- Promiscuous American genotype), Bengbie (Promiscuous) and TGx (Promiscuous) using five isolates from the screening experiment and two imported isolates from Thailand in the Bekwai soil. Generally inoculation led to improvement in shoot dry matter and total N, although the levels were different among the cultivars and isolates and thus showing that plant genotypes and bradyrhizobia strains significantly influenced inoculation response. Inoculation and N fertilization response carried out on four soybean cultivars, Bragg, Bengbie and TGx and Non-nodulating soybean genotype, in Adenta and Bekwai soils showed better nodulation and percent N-fixed in Adenta than Bekwai. This could be attributed to the higher bradyrhizobia count in Adenta than in Bekwai.Total N fixed was however higher in Bekwai than Adenta. This means that other factors inherent in Bekwai had enhanced plant growth and total N accumulation, and hence total nitrogen fixed. Bekwai soil had higher nitrogen, organic matter and phosphorus and was thus more capable of providing nutrients and plant requirement for better plant growth than Adenta. The higher nodulation, percent and total N fixed at the 10 kg N/ha rate than at 100 kg N/ha application could be attributed to the depressing or inhibitory effects that inorganic nitrogen fertilizers have on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.Item Influence of the Metabolites of three Paecilomyces Species on the Germination and Seedling Development of two Ghanaian Maize Varieties (Abeleehi and Obaatanpa)(University of Ghana, 199-10) Minamor, A.A.; Odamtten, G.T.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of BotanyThe mycoflora of two recently-developed maize (Zea mays L) varieties Abeleehi and Obaatanpa have been studied under varying ambient equilibrium relative humidities ERH’s (55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95%) representative of the Ghanaian ambient conditions. The potential pathogenicity of selected contaminating fungal species (A. alutaceus, = A. ochraceus, Fusarium, moniliforme, Penicillium digitatum, Peacilomyces carneus, P. puntoni and P. varioti) was also tested under laboratory, field and greenhouse conditions. Finally, the fungal succession or phenology of the species encountered in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil containing treated maize grains (Abeleehi and Obaatanpa varieties) treated with conidia/mycelium or culture filtrate of the three Paecilomyces species (P. carneus, P. puntoni and P. varioti) was studied. About thirty (30) and twenty-eight (28) species of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Emericella, Eurotium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Mucor, Neurospora and Rhizopus were isolated from Abeleehi and Obaatanpa varieties respectively at ERH’s 55-95%. Aspergillus species {Aspergillus candidus, A. effusus, A. fumigatus, A. giganteus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, (= A. alutaceus), A. sulphureus, A. tamarii, A. ustus, A. versicolor, A. wentii and Aspergillus sp) predominated over the others followed by Penicillium (Penicillium brevi-compactum P. critinum, P. verrucosum, P. digitatum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum and P. nigricans). Fungi belonging to the other genera encountered were Curvularia, Paecilomyces, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Emericella, Eurotium, Fusarium, Mucor. The species diversity was influenced by grain variety and the ERH at which the grains were stored. Aspergillus flavus was ubiquitous and was encountered in all grains stored at 55-95% ERH. Fusarium monilifonne was isolated from some grains incubated at 65-95% ERH. Xerophilic or xerotolerant fungal species like Aspergillus fumigatus, A. alutaceus ( = A. ochraceus), A. gigunteus, Paecilomyces carneus, P. puntoni and P. varioti were isolated at 55-65% ERH in both grain varieties. The best vegetative growth (radial) of selected species was influenced by both the medium and temperature of incubation. Paecilomyces carneus grew best at 30°C, P. puntoni at 30-35°C and P. varioti at 30°C. All the Paecilomyces species, however, could grow well at 40°C. Aspergillus species tested (A. flavus, A. giganteus, A. alutaceus) grew best at 30°C and remained depressed in growth at 40°C; so did Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium moniliforme. The three Paecilomyces species produced their toxic metabolites in 2 days and their undiluted culture filtrates depressed seed germination of ’Abeleehi’ and ’Obaatanpa’ by 10-75% (depending on fungal species and period of incubation). This inhibitory effect was gradually removed with increasing dilution (up to 1:10v/v). There were varietal differences in the response of the germinating grains to the toxic metabolites of P. carneus, P. puntoni, and P. varioti. Undiluted culture filtrate of the listed three Paecilomyces species also severely depressed length of the emerging radicles of ‘Abeleehi’ and ‘Obaatanpa’ by 45-90% but this inhibition was gradually removed by increasing dilution of the culture filtrates (up to 1:10V/V dilution). The inhibition of seed germination and radicle development by culture filtrate of the three Paecilomyces species was not confined to maize only as their adverse effect on seed germination and radicle development was reproduced in vitro using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill var. Owusu-Bio and Wosowoso) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L). In this instance, the inhibitory principle was still potent even at 1:10V/V dilution level. Culture filtrate of Aspergillus alutaceus ( = A. ochraceus) at the highest concentration depressed seed germination of Abeleehi and Obaatanpa varieties by 50-70% and reduced radicle length by 60-90%. The inhibitory effect was gradually removed by increasing dilution (up to l:10v/v). Similarly, F. moniliforme and P. digitatum had the same deleterious effect on germination and radicle development of ’Abeleehi’ and ’Obaatanpa’ maize varieties. Seed germination was depressed 50-70% and radicle length by 40-90% when the undiluted culture filtrate of F. moniliforme and P. digitatum were applied to the grains. In all instances, the inhibitory effect was gradually removed by increasing dilution o f the culture filtrates. There were varietal differences between the three Paecilomyces species in their effect on vegetative growth and dry matter accumulation of Abeleehi and Obaatanpa maize varieties. Metabolites of P. carneus, P. puntoni and P. varioti variably depressed plant height, leaf width, leaf length, dry matter accumulation, (dry weight of root and shoot systems) as well as chlorophyll a and b contents of Abeleehi and Obaatanpa varieties cultivated in the field and under green house conditions. The maize cobs obtained from the field plants infected with Paecilomyces species were diminutive with fewer and smaller grains in the cob as compared to the control. Culture metabolites of P. carneus, P. puntoni and P. varioti reduced by 2-3 times diameter of roots of the seedlings of Abeleehi and Obaatanpa although the endodermis and pericycle were clearly formed and demarcated in both the control and treated seedlings. The pith parenchyma was thinly lignified and 2-3 times narrower in diameter in the treated plants exposed to the three Paecilomyces species; pro - and metaxylem vessels were about 2 times wider in the control seedlings and the phloem and xylem regions o f the roots o f the treated plants were reduced in number and size. Maize grains (Abeleehi and Obaatanpa varieties) inoculated with three Paecilomyces species influenced the rhizosphere mycoflora and their succession profile. Generally, the species of fungi that were stimulated, depressed or eliminated varied from one grain variety to another growing either in the field or under greenhouse conditions. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. alutaceus, ( = A. ochraceus) and A. versicolor remained viable in the rhizosphere soil inspite of the presence of the inhibitory principles exuding from the Paecilomyces species; Penicillium citrinum could tolerate the same metabolites while P. digitatum, P. brevi - compactum did not grow very well in competition with the three Paecilomijces species. Population o f other fungi encountered belonging to the genera Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Scopulariopsis, Trichoderma and Yeast declined with time. Cladosporium herbarum, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp, Rhizopus otyzae and T. viride survived in the treated soil in competition with the metabolites of the Paecilomyces species. The practical implication of these findings are discussed and future studies suggested.Item Logging Residue from the Tropical High Forests in the Western Region of Ghana(University of Ghana, 200-01) Eshun, A.A.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Forest and Horticultural Crop Research CentreEshun, A. A. 2000. Logging residue from the tropical high forests in the Western Region of Ghana. 161 pp. M.Sc.F. thesis, Faculty of Forestry and the Forest Environment, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Major Advisor: Dr. H. Gary Murchison. Key words: Western Region of Ghana, logging residue, volume estimation, harvesting efficiencies, sample size, biomass equations, volume equations, residue utilization. In the face of increasing demand for industrial wood and the serious reduction of the forest resource base in Ghana, logging is reported to be wasteful. However, the level of wastage or residue generation has not been well quantified and described in regard to its potential uses and/or effects on the resource base. Data were collected from 100 sample trees during normal commercial harvesting operations in five logging sites within four forest districts in the Western Region of Ghana. The data were analysed in order to assess the extent of logging residue. On average, 79 percent of the total bole volume and 68 percent of the measured above-ground total tree volume was extracted as logs. Thus, 32 percent of the measured above-ground total tree volume was left in the forest as residue. Branch wood was the highest average proportion of logging residue followed by crown-end offcuts, butt-end offcuts and stump wood. Logging residue may be attributed to a variety of causes including natural defects, and human errors and/or inefficiencies of machine operators. This study indicated significant differences in harvesting efficiencies among timber species and among logging companies. Efficiencies were highest in the two large-scale companies followed by the mediumscale and the small-scale companies. These differences emanated from the level of integration of the companies, equipment and machinery available, the competence of the workforce, terrain conditions, bole shape and form, bole length, occurrence and extent of natural defects, and rarity and commercial value of the species. The study further showed that for a combination of various species, 56 sample trees will be required at an allowable error of }10 percent and a confidence level of 95 percent in order to estimate the proportions of the various identified logging residue (or tree sections). Provisional biomass models were developed for predicting the measured above-ground total tree volume and thereby the measured above-ground total residue volume. Also, provisional local and standard volume equations were developed for forest resource management. Generally, the species-specific models were more precise than the generalised equations. In order to increase recovery and utilization of harvested trees, potential types of forest products which might be converted from logging residue were identified. These products include small-size solid products (e.g., scantlings, strips, squares, narrows, shorts, parquet and strip floorings, broomsticks, profile boards, mirror and picture frames), chips for wood-based panel products, pulp and paper, charcoal, fuelwood and other potential commercial uses.Item Neutron Activation Analysis of Soils(University of Ghana, 200-06) Osei, B.; Osae, E.K.; Agyei, G.K.A.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of PhysicsInstrumental Neutron Activation Analysis has been applied in the multi-element analysis of five soils from three agro-ecological zones in Ghana, using the Single Relative Standardization Method. The analysis was carried out at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) Centre. Concentrations of 34 elements in deciduous forest, forest and Coastal Savanna soils were obtained. Elemental compositions and their levels in the five soils; Oda ,Bekwai, Toje, Akuse and Ankasa series are related to the nature of parent materials and the degree to which these materials have been altered by weathering. The low isotopic abundance, low thermal and epithermal cross-section together with the low sensitivity of 0.07 counts/pg for the 30Si nuclide with energy 1266KeV made detection of silicon in the five soils impossible. Validation of the analytical technique which was done using a Standard Reference Material SOIL-7 supplied by the International Atomic Energy Agency showed a maximum deviation of 23.9%.Item An Assessment of the Phenomenon of Residential Development Close to Solid Waste Dumpsites: The Case Study of the Pantang Dumpsite(University of Ghana, 201-07) Ahlijah, J. K. M.; Crentsil, A.O.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, Development StudiesRapid population growth, urbanization and its associated real estate growth lead landfills to compete with residential land use, especially in peri-urban. Though the effects of landfills on residential communities are well-known in literature, there are inconclusive findings in developing countries on the effects on living close by them. This study addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the effects of the Pantang landfills on residents around it. The objectives were to examine the reasons why people chose to live or continue to live close to the dumpsite; the benefits (if any) of the landfill to residents; the risks people are exposed to. and measures to mitigate the challenges residents near the dumpsite are facing. The study used a mixed methodology, to administer structured questionnaire to 200 residents living within 200m radius from the dumpsite and engaged some squatters, landlords and the environmental officer of the Ga East Municipality in an in-depth interview. The descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis of the results showed that a large proportion of people live less than 100m from the dumpsite. Some were living in the vicinity before the place was turned into a landfill site. They continued to live there because they have built their houses already, rent is affordable and the proximity to place of work. Sixty-nine percent of the residents earned their livelihood from the dumpsite through farming and 20% are also engaged in scavenging. Despite these benefits, almost all of the respondents noted that the air pollution from smoke, fire and odor; insect/flies, leachate, litters, among others affect their health and comfort. Currently, Zoomlion waste management company has been contracted to periodically spray the dumpsite and the number of vehicles bringing waste to the site have been reduced to 60. The study recommended for a well-engineered landfill site away from residential areas to be built whiles making efforts to close down the Pantang dumpsite to avoid threatening the lives of the people.Item Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Behaviour of Division One League Footballers in Tamale Metropolis(University of Ghana, 201-07) Abdulai, K.; Brown, C.; Hayford, F.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceBackground: Football, the most common sports worldwide, is played in almost all nations. Success in football brings reputation, wealth and international recognition but comes as a result of regular physical training with muscular exertions. Good nutrition is an essential tool to help footballers meet the energy demands of training in order to maintain performance capacity and prevent the development of excessive fatigue. Iron also plays an important role in aerobic capacity and performance due to its role as an oxygen transporter to working muscles. Less than adequate iron leads to less oxygen been delivered to muscles, resulting in deterioration of maximal oxygen consumption and reduced performance. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary behaviour of Division One League (DOL) footballers in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Footballers from five DOL teams in Tamale Metropolis were recruited for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about their socio-demographic characteristics. Their food intakes were assessed using a 24-hour recall and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Their body fat composition and anthropometric measures were also assessed to determine the nutritional status of the footballers using a bio-impedance analyser after their heights had been taken with a stadiometer. Their full blood count, haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin levels were also determined. Results: A total of 130 footballers were involved in the study. Seventy-two respondents (60.5%) had normal BMI, 42 (35.3%) were overweight, 3 (2.5%) were obese and 2 (1.7%) were underweight. About 1.7% were anaemic and 91% had low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values, symptoms of microcytic anaemia. All the footballer had normal ferritin levels. Fruit juice and animal proteins were the least consumed food groups with an average consumption of two times per week (2/7). Soft drinks, vegetable proteins, and tubers were consumed three times a week (3/7), while cereals and grains had the highest frequency of consumption of four times per week (4/7). Plant proteins showed a significant correlation (all p < 0.05) with red blood cells, haemoglobin, and serum ferritin. Animal protein, however, showed no correlations with the blood parameters. Conclusion: The dietary pattern of the DOL footballers showed they had high intake of energy giving foods (cereals and grains and tubers) but low consumption of animal proteins. Footballers with high consumption of animal proteins had better Hb, ferritin, MCV, and RBC levels. The prevalence of anaemia was low (1.7%). The high prevalence of overweight could be due to high levels of percentage muscle mass. The football teams in Ghana should be educated on the need for balanced and nutritionally adequate diets. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between diet and anaemia among footballers in a larger populationItem Identifying the Influence of Male Household Heads on The Expected Outcomes of ENAM Project Community-Based Interventions(University of Ghana, 209-06) Hagan, L. L.It is well documented that microcredit given to women results in increased control of household resources by women, and improves quantity and quality of food available to children in the household. The Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project implemented a microcredit plus education intervention aimed at increasing Ghanaian women's access to and utilization of ASF in the diets of2-5 year old children. The current study was designed to assess the role played by the ENAM caregivers' Male Household Heads (MHH) in the caregivers' Income Generating Activities (lGA) and its influence on the Animal Source Food (ASF) intake and nutritional status of their 2-5 year old children. Ninety one MHH in four rural communities in two different ecological zones of Ghana were purposively selected for the study. A structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions were used to collect information on MHH socio-demographic status, role played in caregivers' IGA and their perceptions on the importance~ of ASF for young children. Energy and nutrient intakes of children under five years in households surveyed were assessed using weighed food record. Nutritional status of the children was assessed using weight and height measurements. Chi-squared statistics was used to test bivariate associations between demographic characteristics of MHH and outcome variables (such as roles played by MHH). Student t-test was used to compare differences in continuous outcome variables of MHH (children ASF intake) who played strong role and weak role. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of MHH demographic characteristics on children's ASF intake. The results revealed significant differences between ASF diversity and quantity of children whose MHH played strong roles and weak roles in caregivers' IGA. Children from households where the MHH played strong roles had higher ASF diversity (2.6 ± 1.0 vs 1.5 ± 0.6; p= 0.031) as well as ASF intake (67.0g ± 25.0g vs 20.0g ± 23.9g; p= 0.040). MHH education was also a significant factor in children's ASF diversity and quantity. Children of MHH with education above primary level consumed significantly higher quantity and diversity of ASF. From the findings it was concluded that when a MHH has education above primary and plays a strong role in caregivers’ IGA a child is likely to consume more ASF both in quantity and diversity, in a household. It is recommended that intervention programmes that aim to empower women as a way of helping families to improve on their children's nutritional status should involve MHH who are mainly husbands of the caregivers to ensure better outcome.Item Bank-based and market-based development and economic growth: an international investigation(Studies in Economics and Finance, 209-07-26) Osarfo, D.; Boadi, I.; Boadi, P.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative impact of bank-based and market-based financial developments on economic growth from 1984 to 2015, using 60countries. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) to investigate the relative impact of bank-based and market-based financial developments on economic growth from 1984 to 2015, using 60 countries. The study further controls regional effects and the Asian crisis, as well as the global economic crisis. Findings – The empirical results of the study revealed that market-based development positively affects economic growth. Besides, market-based financial development indirectly promotes investment, which has the potential to strongly enhance growth. The findings of this study, therefore, provide more support to promarket- based financial development policies in these regions. Interestingly, bank-based development has no direct impact on development, but indirectly encourages investment, which also promotes growth. Originality/value – This paper is the first of its kind to empirically examine fixed effect and GMM to investigate the relative impact of bank-based and market-based financial developments on economic growth from 1984 to 2015, using 60 countries.Item Non-Formal Education and District Assembly Women’s Participation in Local Governance in Northern Sector of Ghana(University of Ghana, 218-02) Namoog, M.Y.Since the United Nations Declaration of the Decade for Women in 1975 following the global outcry of poor and low participation of women in decision making and in politics in the 1980s, the Government of Ghana with its institutions and international donor agencies and organisations started increasing their focus on empowering women by providing Non-Formal Education (NFE) programmes. This was to raise the women’s consciousness and to build their capacities and skills. The value assumption was that, if women understood their conditions, knew their rights and learnt new skills, they would be empowered to actively participate in decision making and public governance in Ghana. It was against this background that the study was designed to find out the extent to which these NFE programmes have contributed to the participation of the 2010 cohort of Assembly women in local governance in Northern sector of Ghana. To achieve this, the study employed the cross-sectional survey design and with the aid of questionnaire the primary data was gathered from all the 276 assembly women respondents of the Upper East, Upper West and BrongAhafo regions) selected out of the four regions of the Northern sector of Ghana using the simple random sampling technique. The reliability of the data collection instrument using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was 0.79. With the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings of the study were that, the NFE programmes irrespective of the form by which the women acquired the skills and knowledge was positively and significantly related and associated with the women’s participation in local governance as Assembly members. The influence of the abilities they acquired from the NFE programmes on the their participation was also significantly enhanced by the women’s self-interest to participate in the Assembly, Social recognition of the humanitarian, meritorious and professional services of the women and their families and their social, economic and political standing in the respective communities as well as the women’s geo-social setting’s positive perception of their social image - being married, elderly and or well educated formally. The study outcome also showed a significant positive relationship between the influence of the NFE programmes and the women’s abilities to campaign effectively and mobilise funds for their assembly elections activities. This notwithstanding, the influence of the abilities acquired from the NFE programmes by the women on their participation in the Assembly’s business was hampered by negative influence of partisan politics, male dominance in the assembly, poor and irregular attendance and lack of individual competences in English and in some technical issues of the Assembly. The recommendations offered for adult education institutions and the Assemblies include the need to organise programmes alongside the women empowerment ones to conscientise the custodians of the oppressing socio-cultural and religious beliefs and practices to enhance the influence of NFE interventions on women’s participation in local level governance as well as the Assemblies instituting NFE departments tasked to regularly educate, train and update the women on the changing dynamics and technical issues of the Assembly business to enhance their competences and active participation.Item Nurse Managers’ Leadership Styles and Turnover Intention Among Nurses in Brong Ahafo Region – Ghana(University of Ghana, 218-07) Magbity, J.B.Turnover intention is the conceived idea by nurses to leave one hospital for another or to quit the nursing profession for another job. The shortage of nurses in healthcare organizations is a global concern. Retention of nurses can be ensured with effective leadership and managerial practices resulting in quality health care delivery. This study investigated the leadership styles of Nurse Managers and its influence on the turnover intention of nurses in Hospitals in the Brong Ahafo Region - Ghana. A quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from two hundred and fifty (250) nurses working in five selected hospitals in Brong Ahafo Region - Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics revealed that Nurse Managers working in hospitals in Brong Ahafo Region – Ghana practices five leadership styles (Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-Faire, Participative and Autocratic). However, participatory and transformational leadership styles are predominantly practiced by Nurse Managers in the Units/Departments while transactional, autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles are occasionally practiced. Correlation analysis revealed a negative and significant relationship between participative and transformational leadership styles and turnover intention. There was a positive and significant relationship between autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles and turnover intention. Furthermore, demographic characteristics of nurses were not significantly related to turnover intention in this study. Using multiple regression, nurses work experience and leadership styles of their Nurse Managers were significant predictors for turnover intention. The study variables explained 38.4% of the variance in nurses’ turnover intention. The findings of this study support and expand knowledge on the utilization of participative and transformational leadership styles by Nurse Managers over autocratic and laissez-faire styles in the Unit/Department to reduce turnover intention. Ghana Health Service should strengthen comprehensive in-service training programmes on leadership in nursing as a proactive strategy for preventing turnover intention among nurses.Item Extract- Dytte Relolutien ban de(1165-05)Item Christianborg Diary 1469(1469) Government of Gold CoastItem Christianborg Diary 1516(1516) Government of Gold CoastItem Regimento da Mina(1529) ManuscriptItem Regimento da Mina-Indices(1529) ManuscriptItem Carta of Francisco de Paes do Amaral(1530) Gold CoastItem Extracts From the Records of the African Companies(The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1538) Fisher, R.A.These documents were extracted from the Records of the African Companies in London by Miss Ruth A. Fisher. They are from the papers of the Treasury and the Colonial Office. They appear here in the form of extracts which are in no sense intended as exhaustive of any particular phase of history, but as showing the value of an almost unexploited store of information bearing on a most important aspect of the commercial expansion of Europe. It is believed, too, that these extracts herein presented will stimulate interest and attract attention to the historical and anthropological aspects of this conquest of Africa. These extracts from the Records of the African Companies have several claims to value. They show the method of approach in opening the African trade, the effort to monopolize it, the international contest for control of the traffic, the manner in which the natives were brought into it, and the institutions of the natives thus reached. The special reason for the publication of these documents is the light which they throw on the natives themselves. Valuable as these Records of the African Companies may seem, however, they have not been extensively used by investigators as has been the case with the records of other trading companies of the British Empire like that of the East India. This neglect, as Mr. Hilary Jenkinson has pointed out, may be due to the dissimilarity in fortune. The natives of Africa differed more widely from those of Europe than did those of India, and the trade of India was more profitable than that of AfricaItem Christianborg Diary 1584(1584) Government of Gold CoastItem The GOLD COAST. 1610 - 1623. (With some references to a few earlier records)(Gold Coast, 1594-08-22) Gold CoastShort references to some early Resolutions with reference to Guinea. Resolutions of admirably Middelburg. Ad. Arch. III. 2448.)