Browsing by Author "Vignoles, V.L."
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Item Being oneself through time: Bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures(Self and Identity, 2018-01) Becker, M.; Vignoles, V.L.; Owe, E.; Easterbrook, M.J.; Brown, R.; Smith, P.B.; Abuhamdeh, S.; Cendales, A.B.; Garðarsdóttir, R.B.; Torres, A.; Camino, L.et.al.Self-continuity – the sense that one’s past, present, and future are meaningfully connected – is considered a defining feature of personal identity. However, bases of self-continuity may depend on cultural beliefs about personhood. In multilevel analyses of data from 7287 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations, we tested a new tripartite theoretical model of bases of self-continuity. As expected, perceptions of stability, sense of narrative, and associative links to one’s past each contributed to predicting the extent to which people derived a sense of self-continuity from different aspects of their identities. Ways of constructing self-continuity were moderated by cultural and individual differences in mutable (vs. immutable) personhood beliefs – the belief that human attributes are malleable. Individuals with lower mutability beliefs based self-continuity more on stability; members of cultures where mutability beliefs were higher based self-continuity more on narrative. Bases of self-continuity were also moderated by cultural variation in contextualized (vs. decontextualized) personhood beliefs, indicating a link to cultural individualism-collectivism. Our results illustrate the cultural flexibility of the motive for self-continuity.Item Contextualism as an important facet of individualism-collectivism: Personhood beliefs across 37 national groups(Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013-01) Owe, E.; Vignoles, V.L.; Becker, M.; Brown, R.; Smith, P.B.; Lee, S.W.S.; Easterbrook, M.; Gadre, T.; Zhang, X.; Gheorghiu, M.; Baguma, P.; Tatarko, A.; Aldhafri, S.; Zinkeng, M.; Schwartz, S.J.; Des Rosiers, S.E.; Amponsah, B.Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 (N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes. © The Author(s) 2013.Item Personal Life Satisfaction as a Measure of Societal Happiness is an Individualistic Presumption: Evidence from Fifty Countries(Springer, 2021) Krys, K.; Park, J.; Kocimska‑Zych, A.; Kosiarczyk, A.; Selim, H.A.; Wojtczuk‑Turek, A.; Haas, B.W.; Uchida, Y.; Torres, C.; Capaldi, C.A.; Bond, M.H.; Zelensk, J.M.; Lun, V.M.; Maricchiolo, F.; Vauclair, C.; Šolcová, I.P.; Sirlopú, D.; Xing, C.; Vignoles, V.L.; Tilburg, W.A.P.V.; Teyssier, J.; Sun, C.; Stoyanova, S.; Serdarevich, U.; Schwarz, B.; Sargautyte, R.; Røysamb, E.; Romashov, V.; Rizwan, M.; Pavlović, Z.; Pavlopoulos, V.; Osch, Y.V.; Okvitawanli, A.; Nadi, A.; Nader, M.; Fariza, M.N.; Mosca, O.; Mohorić, T.; Barrientos, P.E.; Malyonova, A.; Liu, X.; Lee, J.H.; Kwiatkowska, A.; Kronberger, N.; Kračmárová, L.K.; Kascakova, N.; Işık, I.; Igou, E.R.; Igbokwe, D.O.; Hanke‑Boer, D.; Gavreliuc, A.; Garðarsdóttir, R.B.; Fülöp, M.; Gamsakhurdia, V.; Esteves, C.S.; Domínguez‑Espinosa, A.; Denoux, P.; Charkviani, S.; Baltin, A.; Mira, A.D.M.; Appoh, L.; Albert, I.; Akotia, C.S.; Adamovic, M.Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across ffty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two diferent meas ures of individualism. We replicated previous fndings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be signifcantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaledItem Self-construals predict personal life satisfaction with different strengths across societal contexts differing in national wealth and religious heritage(Self and Identity, 2023) Sánchez-Rodrígueza, A.; Vignoles, V.L.; Bondc, M.H.; Adamovic, M.; Akotia, C.S.We explore to what extent previously observed pan-cultural association between dimensions of self-construal and personal life satisfaction (PLS) may be moderated by three national-contextual variables: national wealth, economic inequality, and religious heritage. The results showed that Self-reliance (vs. dependence on others) predicted PLS positively in poorer countries but negatively in richer countries. Connectedness to others (vs. self-containment) predicted PLS more strongly in Protestant-heritage countries. Self-expression (vs. harmony) predicted PLS more weakly (and non-significantly) in Muslim-heritage countries. In contrast, previously reported associations of self-direction (vs. reception-to-influence), consistency (vs. variability), and decontextualized (vs. contextualized) self-understanding with personal life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by these aspects of societal context. These results show the importance of considering the impact of national religious and economic context.Item Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study(Taylor & Francis Group, 2021) Krys, K.; Yeung, J.C.; Capaldi, C.A.; Lun, V.M.; Torres, C.; van Tilburg, W.A.P.; Bond, M.H.; Zelenski, J.M.; Haas, B.W.; Park, J.; Maricchiolo, F.; Vauclair, C.; Kosiarczyk, A.; Kocimska-Zych, A.; Kwiatkowska, A.; Adamovic, M.; Pavlopoulos, V.; Fülöp, M.; Sirlopu, D.; Okvitawanli, A.; Boer, D.; Teyssier, J.; Malyonova, A.; Gavreliuc, A.; Uchida, Y.; Serdarevich, U.; Akotia, C.; Appoh, L.; Mira, A.; Baltin, A.; Denoux, P.; Dominguez-Espinosa, A.; Esteves, C.S.; Gamsakhurdia, V.; Garðarsdóttir, R.B.; Igbokwe, D.O.; Igou, E.R.; Işık, I.; Kascakova, N.; Kračmárová, L.K.; Kronberger, N.; Lee, J.H.; Liu, X.; Barrientos, P.E.; Mohorić, T.; Mustaffa, N.F.; Mosca, O.; Nader, M.; Nadi, A.; van Osch, Y.; Pavlović, Z.; Šolcová, I.P.; Rizwan, M.; Romashov, V.; Røysamby, E.; Sargautyte, R.; Schwarz, B.; Selecká, L.; Selim, H.A.; Stogianni, M.; Sun, C.; Xing, C.; Vignoles, V.L.In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘societal emotional environment’: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a ‘double-edged sword’ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others.