Browsing by Author "Singh, S.R."
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Item Bevacizumab versus ziv-aflibercept in branch retinal vein occlusion(Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019-07-07) Braimah, I.Z.; Singh, S.R.; Uplanchiwar, B.; Mansour, A.M.; Chhablani, J.PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) in patients with macular edema (ME) post-branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Patients with treatment naïve ME post-BRVO were included retrospectively if they received either IVB (0.05 ml/1.25 mg) or IVZ (0.05 ml/1.25 mg) monotherapy with a follow up of 12 months. RESULTS: Thirty-two and 17 eyes received IVB and IVZ, respectively. The mean improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.36 ± 0.3 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in the IVB group and 0.27 ± 0.3 in the IVZ group (P = 0.35). The mean change in central macular thickness was 178.9 ± 180.9 and 173.5 ± 344.4 μm in IVB and IVZ groups, respectively (P = 0.94). The mean number of injections was higher in the IVB group (4.0 ± 1.8) compared with 1.82 ± 0.8 in the IVZ group (P < 0.0001). The IVZ group had significantly fewer number of visits (P < 0.0001) and longer maximum treatment-free intervals (P = 0.0081). CONCLUSION: IVZ appears to be cost-effective with the similar visual outcome and less number of visits in comparison to IVB.Item Biology of Cowpea Flower Thrips and Host Plant Resistance(University of Ghana, 1982-10) Salifu, A.B.; Kumar, R.; Singh, S.R.; University of Ghana,College of Basic and Applied Sciences,School of Biological Sciences,Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS); xiv,115p.Biology of cowpea flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti, was studied under field conditions. Population studies showed that the trend of thrips populations was closely tied with the flowering cycle of the cowpea crop. Peak thrips populations coincided with peak flowering of the crop. The seasonal abundance of thrips was mainly governed by weather factors. Thrips were found to oviposit mainly in the calyx of the cowpea flower. Evaluation of different sampling methods for thrips on cowpea indicated that water traps were most consistent. An artificial infestation method was developed for evaluating resistance of cowpeas to flower thrips in the screenhouse. Comparative yield studies without protection against flower thrips revealed a superior performance of cowpea cultivar TVx 3236 over other cultivars. The first phase of a negative field screening of cowpea germplasm showed that further sources of resistance to flower thrips were apparent in some accessions.Item Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept : Safety Analysis in Eyes Receiving More Than Ten Intravitreal Injections(Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2019-11-06) Braimah, I.Z.; Singh, S.R.; Chattannavar, G.; Ayachit, A.; Pimentel, M.C.; Alfaro, A.; Tiwari, S.; Heranjal, A.; Subramanyam, A.; Dhami, A.; Sachdev, P.; Mansour, A.; Chhablani, J.Purpose: To report the ocular and systemic adverse events in eyes receiving ≥10 intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) injections. Methods: Medical records of patients who received ≥10 IVZ for various chorioretinal conditions with minimum follow up period of 12 months were retrospectively analysed. These eyes received standard dose of IVZ (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) on pro-re-nata (PRN) or treat and extend (T&E) protocol. The primary study outcome was ocular and systemic adverse events related to IVZ injections whereas secondary outcomes were change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at last visit compared to baseline. Comparison of BCVA and CMT at baseline and final visit was done using paired t-test. Results: A total of 94 eyes which received a mean ± standard deviation (mean±SD = 14.4 ± 4.6) IVZ injections were studied. A total of 41 eyes were treatment naïve whereas 53 eyes received intravitreal injections in the past with last injection at least 3 months prior. Mean (±SD) follow up period was 26.7 ± 8.7 months. Ocular adverse events were limited with a case each of acute iridocyclitis, endophthalmitis, cataract progression and early epiretinal membrane formation. No systemic events were recorded within a month of IVZ injection. There was a significant improvement in BCVA (p = 0.001) and change in CMT (p = 0.001) at last visit. Conclusion: Ocular use of ziv-aflibercept is safe with limited ocular and systemic side effects. Multiple injections of IVZ can be used in various chorioretinal diseases over the long term.Item Safety of 5914 intravitreal ziv-aflibercept injections(British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018-07-02) Braimah, I.Z.; Singh, S.R.; Stewart, M.W.; Chattannavar, G.; Ashraf, M.; Souka, A.; ElDardeery, M.; Wadhwa, N.; Sarvaiya, C.; Mansour, A.M.; Marashi, A.; Ramchandani, S.; Bonyadi, M.H.J.; Ramezani, A.; Soheilian, M.; de Oliveira Dias, J.; de Andrade, G.C.; Maia, A.; Rodrigues, E.B.; Farah, M.E.; Banker, A.; Chhablani, J.Purpose To analyse the pooled safety data of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) therapy for various retinal conditions. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study which included patients from 14 participating centres who received IVZ. The medical records of patients who received IVZ from March 2015 through October 2017 were evaluated. Patient demographics and ocular details were compiled. Ocular and systemic adverse events that occurred within 1 month of IVZ injections were recorded and defined as either procedure-related or drug-related. Results A total of 1704 eyes of 1562 patients received 5914 IVZ injections (mean±SD: 3.73±3.94) during a period of 2.5 years. The age of patients was 60.6±12.8 years (mean±SD) and included diverse chorioretinal pathologies. Both ocular (one case of endophthalmitis, three cases of intraocular inflammation, and one case each of conjunctival thinning/necrosis and scleral nodule) and systemic adverse events (two cases of myocardial infarction, one case of stroke and two deaths) were infrequent. Conclusion This constitutes the largest pooled safety report on IVZ use and includes patients from 14 centres distributed across the globe. It shows that IVZ has an acceptable ocular and systemic safety profile with incidences of adverse events similar to those of other vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitory drugs. The analysis supports the continued use of IVZ in various retinal disorders.