Browsing by Author "Seini, M.M."
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Item First trimester zonulin levels and adiposity as predictive indices of gestational diabetes mellitus(Springer India, 2019-01-13) Amoah, B.Y.; Seini, M.M.; Yakubu, Y.A.; Ussher, F.A.; Alidu, H.BackgroundThis study was aimed at determining the levels of serum zonulin during the first trimester in pregnant women and to examine the relationship between zonulin and obesity in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Available evidence suggests that the permeability of the gut may be associated with obesity and insulin resistance both of which are characteristics of GDM.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study in which a cohort of 314 pregnant women was monitored from first trimester at the Volta Regional Hospital, Ho, Ghana. Maternal serum zonulin and lipids were analyzed during the first trimester, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each participant. Glucose challenge tests (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, and diagnosis of GDM was made in accordance with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria.ResultsWomen who developed GDM had elevated serum zonulin levels with sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff points of 80.95%, 80.41%, and > 47.5 ng/mL respectively in predicting GDM. With positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.708 and 0.986, respectively, zonulin has been shown by this study to be a good predictor of GDM. After adjusting for maternal age and BMI, obese pregnant women with elevated plasma zonulin were 109 times likelier to develop GDM as compared to those with normal BMIs.ConclusionsZonulin levels are increased significantly during the first trimester of pregnancy in women with GDM, and these increases precede the onset of GDM.Item Maternal Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Magnesium as Biochemical Markers in Predicting Preeclampsia in Pregrant Ghanaian Women(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Seini, M.M.; Dzudzor, B.; Annan, B.D.R.T.; University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical BiochemistryPreeclampsia is a multisystem disease of pregnancy of unknown cause. It is a maternal syndrome, which is characterized by increased blood pressure, edema, proteinuria or significant amount of protein in the urine of pregnant women and abnormal clotting, liver and renal functions all of which may be due to the release of placental toxic factors into the mother’s circulation. The only effective therapy to this complication is to facilitate the culteinment of the pregnancy or delivery (induction of labour, cesarean section). Biochemical markers such as human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) and magnesium(Mg2+) are used in predicting preeclampsia. No work has been done using both markers together and there is no maternal screening program for preeclampsia available for pregnant women in Ghana. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of maternal serum hCG and Mg2+ among cases and controls of pregnant Ghanaian women, with the view of assessing the differential if any in these markers, for high risk preeclamptic pregnancies. In this prospective study, 200 women aged between 16 and 40 years with singleton pregnancy were enrolled. Venous blood sample was collected at recruitment (second trimester) for Mg2+ and hCG assays. Levels of hCG were detected by ELISA methods, using commercial test kits and that of the Mg2+ were detected by the use of Selectral Junior analyzer also using commercial test kits. The study population was made up of 150 pregnant women in second trimester with features of preeclampsia and 50 controls (second trimester pregnant women with no features of preeclampsia). Out of the total women with features of preeclampsia, 13 pregnant women were diagnosed as preeclamptic patients with urine protein assigned+3.The mean age of the WFP was (29.65 ± 5.24) and that of the controls was (27.76 + 5.22). The serum markers, Mg2+ was significantly lowered (0.68 ± 0.11) whiles hCG significantly raised (0.99 ± 0.20) in the WFP. The study showed that hCG and Mg2+ when used together provide a very good prediction of preeclampsia. Though Mg2+ is a better predictor of preeclampsia when used separately as compared to hCG.Item SERO-prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among women attending routine Cervicare clinics in Ghana(BMC Infectious Diseases, 2018-08) Debrah, O.; Agyemang-Yeboah, F.; Asmah, R.H.; Timmy-Donkoh, E.; Seini, M.M.; Fondjo, L.A.; Sight, N.; Owusu-Dabo, E.Background Herpes simplex virus infection is a global health concern with disproportionately high burden in low and middle-income countries. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of HSV infection in Ghana, which necessitated the present study. The aim of the study was to provide up-to-date data on sero-prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among women attending Cervicare clinics in Ghana. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 380 women attending routine Cervicare clinics at Regional Hospitals in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana were enrolled into the study. Serum HSV-1 IgG and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the association between sero-prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and socio-demographic and behavioral factors using the Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS) version 22. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results The overall HSV-1 and HSV-2 sero-prevalence estimates were 99.2% (95% CI: 98.0–100%) and 78.4% (95% CI: 74.5–81.8%) respectively. The study observed 78.2% cross-positive prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the studied participants. There was no association between the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection and age (χ2 = 2.351, p = 0.799 and χ2 = 1.655, p = 0.895 respectively). Our findings however, revealed association between the prevalence of HSV-2 and the age at coitarche (p = 0.021) as well as with number of sexual partners (p = 0.022). Conclusions The sero-prevalence estimates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the study population of women in Ghana were found to be high. This high prevalence could be attributed to high endemicity and inadequate intervention in this population. There is the need to raise awareness through organized public health screening and education to ensure control.