Browsing by Author "Quagraine, J."
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Item Genetic diversity of polymorphic vaccine candidate antigens (apical membrane antigen-1, merozoite surface protein-3, and erythrocyte binding antigen-175) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Western and Central Africa(American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011-02) Soulama, I.; Bigoga, J.D.; Ndiaye, M.; Bougouma, E.C.; Quagraine, J.; Casimiro, P.N.; Stedman, T.T.; Sirima, S.B.The malaria vaccine candidate antigens erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175), merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP-3), and apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) from Plasmodium falciparum isolates from countries in central and west Africa were assessed for allelic diversity. Samples were collected on filter paper from 600 P. falciparum-infected symptomatic patients in Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Senegal and screened for classspecific amplification fragments. Genetic diversity, assessed by mean heterozygosity, was comparable among countries. We detected a clinical increase in eba 175 F-allele frequency from west to east across the study region. No statistical difference in msp-3 allele distribution between countries was observed. The ama-1 3D7 alleles were present at a lower frequency in central Africa than in West Africa. We also detected little to no genetic differentiation among sampling locations. This finding indicates that, at least at the level of resolution offered by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, these antigens showed remarkable genetic homogeneity throughout the region sampled, perhaps caused by balancing selection to maintain a diverse array of antigen haplotyes. Copyright © 2011 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Item Hookworm infection among school age children in kintampo north municipality, ghana: Nutritional risk factors and response to albendazole treatment(American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013-07) Humphries, D.; Simms, B.T.; Davey, D.; Otchere, J.; Quagraine, J.; Terryah, S.; Newton, S.; Berg, E.; Harrison, L.M.; Boakye, D.; Wilson, M.; Cappello, M.Children (n = 812) 6-11 years of age attending 16 schools in the Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana were screened for participation in a study on hookworm infection, nutrition, and response to albendazole. The prevalence of Necator americanus hookworm infection (n = 286) was 39.1%, and significant predictors of infection included age, malaria parasitemia, lack of health care, school area, levels of antibodies against hookworm, and low consumption of animal foods. The cure rate after a single dose (400 mg) albendazole was 43%, and the mean fecal egg count reduction rate was 87.3%. Data for an in vitro egg hatch assay showed a trend toward reduced albendazole susceptibility in posttreatment hookworm isolates (P = 0.06). In summary, hookworm infection is prevalent among school age children in the Kintampo NorthMunicipality and animal food intake inversely correlates with infection status.Modest cure rates and fecal egg count reduction rates reinforce the need for further investigation of potential benzimidazole resistance in Ghana. Copyright © 2013 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.