Browsing by Author "Owusu-Afriyie, J."
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Item The contest for mineral wealth: an economic analysis of conflicts in Ghanaian mining communities.(2017-06) Twerefou, D.K.; Ayimpusah, E.A.; Owusu-Afriyie, J.; Adjei-Mantey, K.; Bokpin, G.A.The paper uses survey data from 1458 households in 60 communities from 24 districts in 5 regions of Ghana and logistic regression to examine conflicts as a contest for mineral wealth in mining communities, estimates the determinants of conflicts in these mining communities and examines how these contests could erode and/or enhance Ghana’s gains from mining. The paper finds that the likelihood of a conflict occurring in a mining area is about 56.7%. Village effect was found to be a significant positive predictor of mining conflict. Also, improvement in primary education, employment opportunities to community members of ages 25–50, the strength of institutions and the absence of small-scale miners in a mining community reduces the probability of conflicts occurring by 12.8, 35.8, 6.57 and 17.7%, respectively. While an increase in pollution levels increases the likelihood of conflicts occurring by 7.1%, primary occupation in manufacturing and services, and increase in household monthly expenditure significantly increases the likelihood of conflicts within the mining communities as the cost of living increases.Item Determinants of household expenditure on children's education in Egypt(International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 2014) Rizk, R.; Owusu-Afriyie, J.This paper primarily examines the determinants of household expenditure on children's education using data extracted from the 2010/2011 Egyptian Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey. Specifically, the paper focuses on the income effect and the effect of other household characteristics on the patterns of educational expenditure allocation among school-age children. Applying the ordinary least squares and the generalised method of moment estimation techniques, the paper finds that expenditure on children's education significantly increases with increasing of levels household income. Furthermore, the paper finds that household head's level of education has an increasingly positive and significant effect on expenditure on children's education, with households in which the heads have received at least college education spending the most on children's education. Based on the findings, the paper strongly recommends that children from households, which are less endowed with financial resources and human capital be given educational subsidy or scholarship. © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Estimating public and private sectors’ union wage effects in Ghana: is there a disparity?(International Journal of Social Economics, 2023) Owusu-Afriyie, J.; Baffou, P.T.; Baah-Boateng, W.Purpose – This study seeks to estimate union wage effect in the public and private sectors of Ghana, respectively. It also seeks to ascertain whether the union wage effect in the two sectors varies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (GLSS 6, 2012/2013) and Ghana Labour Force Survey (GLFS, 2015). In terms of estimation technique, the authors employ the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition technique to estimate union wage effect in public and private sectors, respectively. Findings – The findings indicate that union wage effect in the public sector is positive and higher relative to that of the private sector. Practical implications – The findings imply that strict enforcement of Section 82 of Labour Act 2003 (Act 651) will curb the political influence of public sector unions over their employer (Government). Originality/value – This research paper has not been presented to any journal for publication and it is the authors’ original work.Item An Individual Level Test of the "Feminization of Poverty" Hypothesis: Evidence from Ghana(Journal of Developing Societies, 2014) Owusu-Afriyie, J.; Nketiah-Amponsah, E.Feminization of poverty is a hypothesis that postulates that women experience poverty at higher rates than men. Over the years, empirical examination of this hypothesis has relied on the comparison between poverty status of female-headed and male-headed households due to lack of gender disaggregated data in many household surveys. However, the use of poverty among female-headed households as a representative measure of women’s poverty masks the extent of poverty among women. Hence, this study uses individual gender disaggregated data from the Ghana Living Standards Surveys IV and V (GLSS IV and V) and the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) classes of poverty measure to empirically test the “feminization of poverty” hypothesis in Ghana. The study also finds out whether this hypothesis is affected by the education level of the individual. The article finds that “feminization of poverty” is prevalent at all three levels of FGT poverty measures. The result further indicates that when education is taken into consideration, “feminization of poverty” is found to be prevalent only amongst the no education and primary education cohorts while masculinization of poverty is rather found among the secondary and tertiary education cohorts. Generally, in terms of the dynamic changes in “feminization of poverty,” the study finds that over the last two sets of surveys (GLSS IV and V), the phenomenon has reduced. Based on the results, we recommend that measures that target education as a tool for combating poverty should be strengthened amongst females whilst non-educational tools for combating poverty should target males.Item Union wage effect: Evidence from Ghana(Cogent Economics & Finance, 2023) Owusu-Afriyie, J.; Baffour, P.T.; Baah-Boateng, W.Consistent with Convention 87 of the International Labour Organization (ILO), Section 79 of the Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651) empowers every employee in an organization to either form or join a trade union of their choice for the promotion and protection of their economic and social interests. In spite of this legal provision, union coverage and density in Ghana have continually declined in recent years. The decline in union density and coverage is likely to decrease the collective bargaining strength of unions. It is against this back ground that our study seeks to examine the effect of unions’ bargaining (proxied by union presence variable) on wages in Ghana. We employ the Heckman Selection Model and quantile regression technique to analyze data extracted from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6) and 2015 Ghana Labour Force Survey (GLFS 2015) respectively. The findings indicate that unions’ bargaining effect on wages is positive. Furthermore, the study finds that the union wage premium is highest at the lowest point of the wage distribution (25th quantile) but lowest at the highest point of the wage distribution (75th quantile). Whilst the study acknowledges the importance of education in earn ings determination, we recommend that low-wage employees in a non-union establishment should join a trade union in order to earn a living/decent wage