Browsing by Author "Osei, J.Y."
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Item Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Community Pharmacists in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana(University of Ghana, 2016-07) Osei, J.Y.; Addo-Lartey, A.; University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, School of Public HealthBackground: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Spontaneous reporting systems are the commonest means of reporting adverse drug reactions with the overall aim of protecting patients from the harmful effects of medications. ADR reporting is however low among healthcare professionals due to several factors. A large number of Ghanaians often visit community pharmacies as the first point of call to access healthcare; however, there is limited knowledge about the factors that influence adverse drug reaction reporting among community pharmacists in Ghana. Objective: This study had the overall objective of assessing ADR reporting among community pharmacists in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It also investigated factors affecting reporting and how to improve adverse drug reaction reporting among community pharmacists. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of 210 community pharmacists in the Greater Accra Region. The pharmacists were randomly sampled from community pharmacies across the region. Data collection was by a self-administered questionnaire and all analysis carried out using STATA Version 13. Findings: Two hundred and ten filled questionnaires were returned out of the two hundred and fifty administered, giving a response rate of 84%. Among the 210 pharmacists who took part in the study, 93 had seen a patient with a suspected adverse drug reaction in the past one year. However, only 16% of them reported by filling an ADR form. Ninety-six percent of the pharmacists who participated in the study had heard of ADR reporting in Ghana. Eighteen percent of pharmacists had never seen the ADR reporting form. Twenty-four percent did not know where to obtain the reporting form and thirty-seven percent did not know where to submit the form on completion. The main reason given by the pharmacists who failed to report suspected ADRs was the unavailability of reporting forms (77%). Uncertainty about causality of the ADR (20.5%) and the fact that some of the pharmacists considered the reaction as “normal” with the medication in question (21.8%) were other reasons given. About 56% of pharmacists had excellent knowledge about the reporting system in Ghana. Age, gender and training were all found not to be significantly associated with ADR reporting (p-values, 0.24, 0.49 & 0.40). Conclusion and Recommendation: ADR reporting by community pharmacists remains low despite the efforts of the Food and Drugs Authority to sensitize pharmacists about its importance. To improve the proportion of reporting, the reporting forms should be made widely available in all pharmacies with continuous professional development in the area of Pharmacovigilance.Item Adverse drug reaction reporting by community pharmacists in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, 2016(Ghana Med J, 2021) Osei, J.Y.; Nortey, P.A.; Bandoh, D.A.; Kenu, E.; Addo-lartey, A.A.Objectives: To assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting and identify factors to improve ADR reporting among community pharmacists in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Design: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Setting: Community pharmacies in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Participants: We randomly selected 210 pharmacists from a list community of pharmacies in Accra, Ghana. All participants had been practicing in the past one year, with this study being conducted from June to July 2016. Main outcome measure: Prevalence of ADR reporting by community pharmacists in Accra, Ghana. Results: Of the 210 community pharmacists interviewed 54.0% were males. Mean age was 32±10 years. Majority (96.0%) had heard of ADR reporting in Ghana, yet 18% had never seen the ADR reporting form. Reasons given for failure to report suspected ADRs included unavailability of reporting forms (83.1%), uncertainty about a causal rela tionship between the drug and the suspected ADR and classification of the reaction as “normal” with the medication being taken (23.6%). Only 34.0% of pharmacists had the ADR reporting forms available in their facilities. Marital status was the only factor significantly associated with ADR reporting (OR 3.18, 95%CI 1.02 – 9.12). Conclusion: ADR reporting by community pharmacists in Ghana remains low. To improve the proportion of report ing, ADR forms should be made available in all pharmacies, pharmacists and the general public should be made aware of online reporting systems, with continuous professional development in Pharmacovigilance with the advice that all suspected ADRs should be reported irrespective of uncertainty about causality