Browsing by Author "Obirikorang, C."
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Item Assessment of the performance of haematological and non-invasive fbrotic indices for the monitoring of chronic HBV infection: a pilot study in a Ghanaian populatio(Research Notes, 2023) Nyarko, E.N.Y.; Obirikorang, C.; Owiredu, W. K. B. A.; Adu, E.A.; Acheampong, E.Objective Haematological and liver fbrotic markers could be appreciably utilized for efective monitoring of Chronic Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection, thereby increasing patient’s treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of complete blood count (CBC) and non-invasive liver-fbrotic indices as markers of prognostic outcome and monitoring in HBV infections. Results Signifcant diferences in levels of white cell and diferentials counts, red blood cell count, hemoglobin indices, and platelet indices were observed between HBV-infected patients (cases) and uninfected persons (controls). Levels of haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (tWBC), neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and Platelet Distribution width (PDW) were signifcantly lower (p<0.05) in the cases compared to the controls. Total and indirect bilirubin; De Ritis ratio, Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) were elevated in cases compared with controls (p-value<0.05). In a multivariate adjusted model to test the signifcance of markers, Hemo globin Index (beta coefcient=− 0.876, p-value<0.001), NLR (beta coefcient=− 0.839, p-value<0.001), MPV_10000 (beta coefcient=− 0.333, p-value<0.001) and Albumin (beta coefcient=− 0.059, p-value=0.014), were associated with HBV infection status. Receiver operative characteristics curve analysis showed Hemoglobin Index (AUC=0.744) and MPV_10000 (AUC=0.730) as better prognostic markers for HBV-infection.Item Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in antiretroviral exposed HIV patients in a Ghanaian population: A case-control study(Plos One, 2020-01-20) Amos-Abanyie, E.K.; Obirikorang, C.; Acheampong, E.; Quaye, L.; Yorke, J.; Akyaw, P.A.; Anto, E.O.; Bani, S.B.; Asamoah, E.A.; Batu, E.N.Dyslipidemia is a potential complication of long-term usage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and also known to be associated with genetic factors. The host genetic variants associated with dyslipidemia in HIV patients on ART in Ghana have not been fully explored. The study constituted a total of 289 HIV-infected patients on stable ART for at least a year. Fasting blood was collected into EDTA tube for lipids measurement. Lipid profiles were used to define dyslipidemia based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria. HIV-infected subjects were categorized into two groups; those with dyslipidemia (cases) (n = 90; 31.1%) and without dyslipidemia (controls)(n = 199; 68.9%). Four candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genes (ABCA1-rs2066714, LDLR-rs6511720, APOA5-rs662799 and DSCAML1- rs10892151) were determined. Genotyping was performed on isolated genomic DNA of study participants using PCR followed by a multiplex ligation detection reaction (LDR). The percentage of the population who had the rare homozygote alleles for rs6511720 (T/T), rs2066714 (G/G), rs10892151 (T/T) and rs662799 (G/G) among case subjects were 5.5%, 14.4%, 6.6% and 10.0% whiles 2.0% 9.1%, 6.5% and 4.0% were observed among control subjects. There were statistically significant differences in the genotypic prevalence of APOA5 (p = 0.0357) and LDLR polymorphisms (p = 0.0387) between case and control subjects. Compared to the AA genotype of the APOA5 polymorphisms, individuals with the rare homozygote genotype [aOR = 2.38, 95%CI(1.06–6.54), p = 0.004] were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing dyslipidemia after controlling for age, gender, treatment duration, CD4 counts and BMI. Moreover, individuals with the rare homozygous genotype of ABCA1 (G/G) [aOR = 10.7(1.3–88.7), p = 0.0280] and LDLR (rs6511720) G>T [aOR = 61.2(7.6–493.4), p<0.0001) were more likely to have high levels of total cholesterol levels. Our data accentuate the presence of SNPs in four candidate genes and their association with dyslipidemia among HIV patients exposed to ART in the Ghanaian population, especially variants in APOA5-rs662799 and LDLR rs6511720 respectively. These findings provide baseline information that necessitates a pre-symptomatic strategy for monitoring dyslipidemia in ART-treated HIV patients. There is a need for longitudinal studies to validate a comprehensive number of SNPs and their associations with dyslipidemia.Item Biomarkers of renal dysfunction among Ghanaian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus- a cross-sectional study(International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2018-10) Amoah, B.Y.; Asare, G.A.; Yeboah, F.A.; Obirikorang, C.; Asiedu, B.; Mohammed, A.O.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous collection of disorders characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and increased glucose output. The abnormal vascular architecture observed within the first few years of diabetes onset suggests that complications such as nephropathy develop earlier in affected individuals than is generally known. Prompt determination of decline in renal function among diabetics is therefore very crucial. In the present study, we evaluated circulating levels of adiponectin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase traffic inducer (NOSTRIN) as novel biomarkers of renal dysfunction. One hundred and eight Ghanaian patients with T2DM were recruited for this study. Biochemical and immunoassays were employed in measuring the levels of the biomarkers for all participants. Metabolic syndrome indices including body mass index (BMI), serum glucose, and uric acid levels were not found to be associated with adiponectin concentrations. Fifteen participants had normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 79 had a mildly reduced eGFR, and 24 had moderately reduced eGFR representing 12.8, 66.9, and 20.3%, respectively. Proteinuria correlated significantly with decreasing eGFR. Serum levels of adiponectin, ADMA, and NOSTRIN (p = 0.002; p = 0.001; p = 0.012, respectively) were, however, found to be independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among the type 2 diabetics. We observed that elevated circulating levels of adiponectin, ADMA, and NOSTRIN could be important in characterizing early CKD stages among type 2 diabetics.Item Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among undergraduate student population in Ghana: an evaluation study of body composition indices(BMC Public Health, 2024) Obirikorang, C.; Adu, E.A.; Nyarko, E.NY.Background Obesity is a classified risk factor for several of the world’s leading causes of death. In this study, we combined information contained in body mass index (BMI), total percentage body fat (TPBF) and relative fat mass (RFM) to estimate obesity prevalence and examine the risk factors associated with obesity. Methods The study recruited 1027 undergraduate students aged between 16 and 25 years using a cross-sectional study design and two-stage stratified random sampling between January and April 2019 from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Demographic, lifestyle, and family history of chronic disease data, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bioelectrical impedance, along with height, weight, age, and gender, were used to estimate BMI and TPBF. The RFM was calculated using a published equation. The TPBF and RFM ranges were evaluated based on standard BMI thresholds and an informative combined obesity prevalence estimated in a Bayesian framework. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate potential risk factors of overweight/ obesity. Results Concordance between BMI, TPBF and RFM for obesity classification was 84% among female and 82.9% among male students. The Bayesian analysis revealed a combined prevalence means of obesity of 9.4% (95%CI: 6.9- 12.2%) among female students and 6.7% (95%CI:4.3-9.5%) among male students. The odds of obesity were increased between 1.8 and 2.5 for females depending on the classification index. A significant increasing trend of obesity was observed with university-level. A family history of obesity was associated with a high estimate of general, central, and high TPBF. Conclusion Using multiple adiposity indicators conjointly in a Bayesian framework offers a greater power to examine obesity prevalence. We have applied this and reported high obesity prevalence, especially among female students. University level and family history of obesity were key determinants for obesity among the student population.