Browsing by Author "Klu, G.Y.P."
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Item Analysis of mineral nutrients status of whole plant and growth substratum of Phyllanthus niruri L., an anti-plasmodial herb using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2013-01) Danso, K.E.; Adusei-Fosu, K.; Klu, G.Y.P.The mineral status of whole plant samples of Phyllanthus and its growth substratum was determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. A total of 11 elements were detected in both whole plant and soil samples with varying concentrations depending on area of collection as well plant or it soil substratum. Comparatively, the concentration of all the elements except Cl, Ca and Br was higher in the soil samples than the whole plant indicating that the plant obtained these elements from the growth substratum. For the plant samples, the concentration of tungsten (W) and arsenic (As) were below the detection limits while for the soil sample chlorine (Cl) and calcium (Ca) were below detection limits. Three of the elements namely Mg, Ca and K detected in the plant samples are macroelements and were therefore detected in higher concentrations in the plant samples. The element with the highest concentration was K and it ranged from 1,215.44 to 5,658.06 and 0.64 to 1.20 % in soil and whole plant samples respectively. Arsenic (As) is considered as a toxic element and its concentration below detection limits in the whole plant sample makes it pharmacologically safe for human consumption. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.Item Effective decontamination and subsequent plantlet regeneration of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in vitro(International Journal of Integrative Biology, 2011-01) Danso, K.E.; Azu, E.; Elegba, W.; Asumeng, A.; Amoatey, H.M.; Klu, G.Y.P.An effective sterilisation regime and protocol for subsequent plantlet regeneration from bud explants was developed for sugarcane cultivars, Ragna, Natal Coimbatore 339 (NCo339) and local sugarcane cultivar (LSC). Double sterilisation with 0.2 and 0.1% mercuric chloride for 15 minutes and 5 minutes respectively resulted in 90% decontamination frequency. However, post sterilisation survival on MS medium amended with 30g/l sucrose, 5mg/l BAP, 2mg/l IAA, 2mg/l GA3 and 3g/l activated charcoal required the incorporation of 200μg/ml amphotericin B and 100μg/ml cefotaxime indicating that the contaminants were endophytic. The culture of double sterilised bud explants of local sugarcane cultivar, Ragna and NCo 339 in the presence of the antibiotics resulted in single or multiple shoot development. These shoots developed roots on MS medium supplemented with 5mg/l NAA. Additionally, in vitro conserved plantlets used as explants also developed multiple shoots. Post-flask acclimatization was independent of age of plantlets. The protocol for effective sterilisation and subsequent successful regeneration of plantlets from bud explants once standardized can be utilized for rapid multiplication and dissemination of newly-released varieties and disease-free stock for farmers. © IJIB, All rights reserved.Item Induced mutations for improved lycopene, total antioxidant properties and other quality factors in wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifoliumL)(Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2012) Quartey, E.K.; Amoatey, H.K.; Achel, D.G.; Klu, G.Y.P.; Mba, R.A.The objective of the study was to determine biochemical changes in (5) gamma radiation induced variant lines of wild tomato after mutation induction. Five gamma radiation-induced variant lines of wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.), selected in the M3 generation following mutagenic treatment of seeds using three doses (150, 300 and 450 Gy, respectively) of gamma radiation from a Co-60 gamma source, were analysed for their lycopene content, total antioxidant properties, total and soluble solids as well as pH. Fruits of variant line BV-21 (deep red fruits) recorded higher lycopene contents of 146.1 mg/kg on fresh weight basis and 156.7 mg/kg on dry weight basis compared to 136 and 152 mg/kg, respectively for the control. They also recorded higher total antioxidant properties compared to the control. Fruits of variant line BV-40 (yellow fruits) recorded higher total solids of 17.9% and the lowest pH value of 4.17 compared to 12.8% and 4.36 for fruits from unirradiated plants. The highest amounts of total soluble solids (7%) were contained in fruits harvested from variant lines BV-27 (light red fruits) and BV-23 (deep red fruits) as against 5.6% for fruits from control plants. The study indicates that wild tomato has immense nutritional properties which can be further improved through mutation breeding. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.Item Observations on seed embryo and germination, seedling morphology and development of Vitellaria paradoxa (C. F. Gaertn.)(Observations on seed embryo and germination, seedling morphology and development of Vitellaria paradoxa (C. F. Gaertn.), 2019-02) Iddrisu, A.; Elegba, W.; Klu, G.Y.P.; Danso, K.E.Cotyledon morphology and subsequent establishment of V. paradoxa seedlings that account for its cryptohypogeal germination were studied. To identify the embryonic axis, fresh and partially dry seeds were deshelled and their distal ends transversely cut off. Cut seeds were immersed in 1.0 % tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution for 24 hours and kept in the dark for staining. To study cotyledon morphology, 50 seeds were deshelled, air-dried for 3–5 days and split open from the distal end. Another batch of 50 seeds were sown directly. The sprouted seeds or seedlings were sampled at 5-day intervals and their cotyledonary tubes sectioned to observe morphological and anatomical features. Morphologically the seed bears a cotyledonary raphe, which lies vertically with distally schizocotylous and proximally syncotylous cotyledons. Large seeds sprouted earlier (7 days) followed by seedling emergence within 61 days, while small seeds sprouted almost a week later (12 days) with seedling emergence within 75 days. The location of the embryos at the proximal ends cause germinating seeds to produce long cotytedonary tubes which bury the plumules deep into the soil, a protection against bushfires. This germination study will enhance nursery establishment for plantation development of V. paradoxa.Item Study of the reproductive characteristics of nine cassava accessions(West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013) Nunekpeku, W.; Amoatey, H.M.; Oduro, V.; Klu, G.Y.P.; Asare, D.K.; Danso, K.E.Reproductive behaviour of two cultivars (AF and AN) and seven breeding lines (BA, AS, LA, BS-1, HO-008, ME and SE) of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was studied to obtain information pertaining to flowering habits and other reproductive characteristics of these potential parents required for future hybridization programmes. The accessions were grown on the Research Farm of the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the coastal savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana between April 2008 and December 2009. For each accession, 40 stem cuttings, each bearing five to eight nodes, were prepared from the mid-section of healthy cassava stems and planted at a spacing of 1.5 m x 1.0 m while accessions were separated by a distance of 2 m. Ten plants were tagged per accession for the collection of data on key reproductive characteristics. All accessions flowered, suggesting that flower production may not be a limiting factor under the prevailing climatic conditions. Light microscopy revealed that one accession (BA) produced dysfunctional male flowers which were devoid of pollen. Mean days to flowering and fruiting varied significantly (P < 0.05) among the accessions, indicating the need to use different planting dates for different accessions to ensure synchronization of flowering. The accessions also differed significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to plant height at various levels of branching, as well as number of inflorescences, staminate and pistillate flowers, and fruit produced per branching level. There was also variation in percent seed set, embryo formation and fruit drop. The extensive variability observed among the accessions provides breeders with immense opportunities for carrying out cross combinations to generate new genotypes to meet specific objectives.Item The use of Microsatellite Markers in Genetic Variation Analysis of Some Introduced Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones Cultivated in Ghana(2018-12) Antwi-Wiredu, A.; Amiteye, S.; Asare, A.T.; Kusi-Adjei, R.; Diawuoh, R.G.; Aryee, C.O.; Klu, G.Y.P.Purpose: Genetic makers are indispensable in the genetic quantification and characterization of plant species of which rubber tree is no exception. Markers have been used severally in genetic identification and diversity analysis of rubber tree species. However, in Ghana genetic diversity and relatedness among introduced rubber tree species are limited. The study is aimed to use microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability and evaluate genetic relationships among clones of Hevea brasiliensis cultivated in Ghana. Research Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh rubber leaves following the Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) protocol. The five (5) different SSR primers used for the analysis were hmct1, hmac4, hmct5, gSSR212 and gSSR194. Findings: The five SSR markers showed some degree of relatedness among the rubber clones which suggested genetic similarity (IRCA317-5, IRCA41-2, IRCA331-6, IRCA230-4, IRCA109-3, and B8-23) and diversity (K2-18, IRCA840-7, PB217-8, PB217-10, and IRCA317-16) among the clones irrespective of their geographical area of collection. Research Limitation: The unavailability of polivinylpolipyrolidon (PVPP) and polyacrylamide gel (PAGE). Original Value: The results from the study depict that relatively some rubber clones of interest could be selected for future breeding and propagation programmes in Ghana.