Browsing by Author "Khalid, F."
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Item Cohort Profile: The Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) biobanking study(International Journal of Epidemiology, 2022) Aftab, F.; Ahmed, S.; Ali, S.M.; Ame, S.M; Bahl, R.; Baqui, A.H.; Chowdhury, N.H.; Deb, S.; Dhingra, U.; Dutta, A.; Hasan, T.; Hotwani, A.; Ilyas, M.; Javaid, M.; Jehan, F.; Juma, M.H.; Khalid, F.; Khanam, R.; Manu, A.A.; Mehmood, U.; Minckas, N.; Mitra, D.K.; Nisar, I.; Polasek, O.; Rahman, S.; Rudan, I.; Sajid, M.; Sazawal, S.; Yoshida, S.Item Prevalence and risk factors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in women and children in peri-urban communities in Pakistan: A prospective cohort study(Journal of Global Health, 2022) Ansari, N.; Nisar, N.I.; Khalid, F.; Mehmood, U.; Usmani, A.A.; Shaheen, F.; Hotwani, A.; Begum, K.; Barkat, A.; Yoshida, S.; Manu, A.A.; Sazawal, S.; Baqui, A.H.; Bahl, R.; Jehan, F.Background Population-based seroepidemiological surveys provide ac curate estimates of disease burden. We compare the COVID-19 prevalence estimates from two serial serological surveys and the associated risk factors among women and children in a peri-urban area of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods The AMANHI-COVID-19 study enrolled women and children between November 2020 and March 2021. Blood samples were collected from March to June 2021 (baseline) and September to December 2021 (follow-up) to test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ROCHE Elecsys®. Participants were visited or called weekly during the study for recording symptoms of COVID-19. We report the proportion of participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and symptoms in each survey and describe infection risk factors using step-wise binomial regression analysis. Results The adjusted seroprevalence among women was 45.3% (95% confidence interval (CI)=42.6-47.9) and 82.3% (95% CI=79.9-84.4) at baseline and follow-up survey, respectively. Among children, it was 18.4% (95% CI=16.1-20.7) and 57.4% (95% CI=54.3-60.3) at base line and follow-up, respectively. Of the women who were previously seronegative, 404 (74.4%) tested positive at the follow-up survey, as did 365 (50.4%) previously seronegative children. There was a high proportion of asymptomatic infection. At baseline, being poorest and lacking access to safe drinking water lowered the risk of infection for both women (risk ratio (RR)=0.8, 95% CI=0.7-0.9 and RR=1.2, 95% CI=1.1- 1.4, respectively) and children (RR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-1.0 and RR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.8, respectively). At the follow-up survey, the risk of infection was lower for underweight women and children (RR=0.4, 95% CI=0.3-0.7 and RR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.8, respectively) and for women in the 30-39 years age group and children who were 24-36 months of age (RR=0.6, 95% CI=0.4-0.9 and RR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.9, respective ly). In both surveys, paternal employment was an important predictor of seropositivity among children (RR=0.7, 95% CI=0.6-0.9 and RR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7-1.0, respectively). Conclusion There was a high rate of seroconversion among women and children. Infection was generally mild. Parental education plays an important role in protection of children from COVID-19.